Advanced Switched Reluctance Machines for Electrified Vehicles

用于电动汽车的先进开关磁阻电机

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05764
• 负责人: Emadi, Ali
• 金额: $ 3.28万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=615890
• 关键词: Advanced; Switched; Reluctance; Machines; Electrified

Electrified vehicles are emerging as the next generation of vehicles because electrification is an effective long-term solution for the transportation system to improve sustainability, efficiency, emissions, performance, and safety. Electrified vehicles, including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), utilize one or more electric machines in their powertrains. Electrified vehicles’ traction motors are expected to have a wide constant-power speed range and short overloading capability in order to match with the driving conditions. They also need to meet critical industry requirements such as reliability, low cost and weight, low maintenance, and quiet operation. Traction motors should deliver high torque at low speed for starting and hill-climbing conditions and high power to achieve high cruising speeds. Interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines are employed in most of the currently available hybrid and electric vehicles on the market. With the use of high-energy and high-coercivity rare-earth magnets, permanent magnet machines can provide high torque density and smooth operation. However, permanent magnets are sensitive to temperature. This causes a significant limitation on the operation of the machine in harsh environments. In addition, rare-earth magnets take up a significant portion of the total cost of the traction motor. When compared with the conventional vehicles, the high cost of the traction motors for electrified vehicles currently presents a challenge for their mass-production and increased market penetration. Switched reluctance machines (SRMs) do not employ any permanent magnets or conductors on the rotor. Therefore, they can operate in harsh environmental conditions and at high-speeds and high temperatures. The structure of SRMs enables a wide constant-power speed range, which matches very well with the traction requirements. Due to its simple construction, manufacturing cost of SRMs is significantly lower than the permanent magnet machines. Most significant challenges in SRMs are high torque ripple and high levels of acoustic noise and vibration. In addition, the machine demonstrates a highly nonlinear behavior due to saturation in various parts of the stator and rotor cores. This creates a challenge in terms of torque control and state estimation. Furthermore, highly saturated operating conditions can affect the efficiency of the motor. This proposed research program is focused on a novel family of SRMs with improved power density, efficiency, and performance for electrified vehicles. The proposed family of SRMs involves novel motor configurations with various stator and rotor pole combinations and advanced control techniques to improve the torque- and power-density and performance of the motor with reduced torque ripples, acoustic noise, and vibration.

电动汽车正在成为下一代汽车，因为电气化是交通系统提高可持续性、效率、排放​​、性能和安全性的有效长期解决方案。电动汽车，包括电动汽车 (EV)、混合动力电动汽车 (HEV) 和插电式混合动力电动汽车 (PHEV)，在其动力系统中使用一台或多台电机。 电动汽车牵引电机要求具有较宽的恒功率调速范围和短过载能力，以适应行驶工况。它们还需要满足关键的行业要求，例如可靠性、低成本和重量轻、维护成本低以及运行安静。牵引电机应在启动和爬坡条件下提供低速高扭矩，并提供高功率以实现高巡航速度。目前市场上大多数混合动力和电动汽车均采用内置永磁 (IPM) 同步电机。永磁电机采用高能、高矫顽力稀土磁体，可提供高扭矩密度和平稳运行。然而，永磁体对温度敏感。这对机器在恶劣环境下的运行造成了很大的限制。此外，稀土磁体占牵引电机总成本的很大一部分。与传统汽车相比，目前电动汽车牵引电机的成本较高，对其大规模生产和提高市场渗透率提出了挑战。 开关磁阻电机 (SRM) 的转子上不使用任何永磁体或导体。因此，它们可以在恶劣的环境条件下以及高速和高温下运行。 SRM的结构可实现较宽的恒功率速度范围，与牵引要求非常匹配。由于结构简单，SRM 的制造成本明显低于永磁电机。 SRM 面临的最重大挑战是高扭矩脉动以及高水平的噪声和振动。此外，由于定子和转子铁芯各个部分的饱和，该机器表现出高度非线性行为。这给扭矩控制和状态估计带来了挑战。此外，高度饱和的工作条件会影响电机的效率。 该拟议研究计划重点关注新型 SRM 系列，提高电动汽车的功率密度、效率和性能。所提出的 SRM 系列涉及新颖的电机配置，具有各种定子和转子极组合以及先进的控制技术，以提高电机的扭矩和功率密度以及性能，同时减少扭矩脉动、噪音和振动。