Upgrades to the ATLAS Detector at the Large Hadron Collider

这里申请的资金是为了支持欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机(LHC)ATLAS探测器升级的研发工作，以确保探测器的性能保持到所谓的高亮度LHC(HL-LHC)阶段，届时光度(与束流强度和碰撞率有关)将达到最初设计的LHC和ATLAS的7.5倍。未来的LHC计划已被确认为欧洲粒子物理学的首要任务，未来LHC和ATLAS的运行是安全的。ATLAS探测器需要升级，才能以HL-LHC预期的增加的速度运行，而加拿大继续参与ATLAS包括加拿大参与这次升级计划。在HL-LHC的碰撞将导致ATLAS中的粒子数量更多，沉积的能量也相应增加。阿特拉斯不是为这种环境设计的，它的某些部分需要升级。追踪带电粒子轨迹的内部探测器将需要完全更换。新的探测器名为ITK，将完全由硅探测器模块建造。这将是一项巨大的工作，需要大约一半的ATLAS研究所参与。加拿大对最初探测器的大部分贡献都是由液体Argon热量计制造的，也将需要一些升级。读出的电子设备将需要完全更换。此外，该装置最接近大型强子对撞机质子束的部分，即前向量热计(FCal)，部分由加拿大建造，将不能在HL-LHC正常运行；处理这个问题的一些选择正在调查中。加拿大小组提议参与跟踪器升级(ITK)的建设，并为液体Argon量热计读出电子设备的升级做出贡献，并为前向量热计区域采用的任何升级计划做出贡献。电子产品工作将从该集团已经参与的第一阶段升级工作中自然地继续下去。由于FCal升级的决定预计要到2016年6月才能做出，因此这里要求的资金很少用于这部分工作；我们预计将在2016年提交的第二份RTI申请中包括这一点。大部分申请是购买零部件(硅传感器、ASIC、电子板)，用于建造ITK的原型模块，以及建造和测试这些模块所需的设备。这是为选择ITK模块建造场地而制定的“场地验证”过程中的必要步骤。这家加拿大集团计划建造该探测器“条带”部分所需的20000个模块中的1,000个。对于场地鉴定，这里需要资金，用于在加拿大两个拟建场地(多伦多、温哥华)各生产20个原型模块。

The funds requested here are in support of R&D efforts targeted at upgrades of the ATLAS detectorat the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, to ensure that the performance of the detector is maintainedinto the so-called High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase, when the luminosity (related to the beam intensityand collision rate) will be up to 7.5 times that for which the LHC and ATLAS were originally designed.The future LHC program has been affirmed as the top priority of European particle physics, and the future ofLHC and ATLAS operations is secure. The ATLAS detector requires upgrades to operate at the increased rates expected at the HL-LHC, and maintaining Canadian involvement in ATLAS includes significant Canadianparticipation in this upgrade program.Collisions at the HL-LHC will result in a larger number of particles in ATLAS, with a corresponding increases in the amount of energy deposited. ATLAS was not designed for this environment, and some parts of it willneed to be upgraded. The Inner Detector, which tracks the trajectories of charged particles, will need to entirely replaced. The new detector, called the ITk, will be built entirely of silicon detector modules.This will be an enormous effort, requiring the involvement of about half of the ATLAS institutes.The Liquid Argon Calorimeter, where the bulk of the Canadian contributions to the original detector weremade, will also need some upgrades. The readout electronics will need to be entirely replaced. Also, the partof this device which sits closest to the LHC proton beams, the forward calorimeter (FCal), which was partiallybuilt in Canada, will not operate properly at the HL-LHC; a number of options for dealing with this problemare under investigation.The Canadian group proposes to be involved in the construction of the tracker upgrade (ITk) and to contribute to the upgrades of the Liquid Argon Calorimeter readout electronics and to whatever upgrade plan is adopted inthe region of the forward calorimeter. The electronics work would follow on naturally from Phase-I upgrade work that the group is already involved in. Because a decision on the FCal upgrade is not expected until June 2016, very little of the funds requested here are for that part of the work; we anticipate including this in a second RTI request to be submitted in 2016.The bulk of the request is for the purchase of parts (silicon sensors, ASICs, electronics boards) for theconstruction of prototype modules for the ITk, and for equipment necessary for the construction and testingof these modules. This is a necessary step in the “site-validation” process being developed for selectingthe ITk module construction sites. The Canadian group plans to build 1000 of the 20000 modules needed forthe “Strips” portion of this detector. For site qualification, funds are requested here for the productionof 20 prototype modules at each of two proposed Canadian sites (Toronto, Vancouver).