Long-lived, high energy density and low-cost lithium-ion batteries for automotive, grid energy and medical applications

汽车用锂离子电池必须满足比便携式电子产品更严格的要求。特别是，它们必须使用10年，保持3000次以上的充放电循环，并经受住极端温度。汽车应用要求锂离子电池具有低成本和高能量密度。电网和离网储能应用对锂离子电池也有类似的要求。长寿命和周期寿命，在这种情况下需要30年和10,000个周期。降低成本再次成为首要关注的问题，而能量密度不是主要考虑因素。医疗应用的锂离子电池具有长寿命、高能量密度和高温要求，与汽车应用没有什么不同，尽管它们对成本不敏感。汽车、电力和医疗应用的锂离子战斗需求显著重叠，针对一个应用的电池的进步可以在其他应用领域共享。因此，我们将来自汽车(GM)、汽车战地(Magna)、电力公用事业(NSP)、医疗(Medtronic)和战地材料(3M)的非竞争合作伙伴包括在内。用于长寿命应用的锂离子电池的循环和日历寿命将使用先进的诊断方法进行表征，包括高精度库仑分析、差分容量分析和自动电池存储。电极材料涂层、电解液添加剂、电解液溶剂、新电极材料、温度、电位范围等对电池寿命的影响将通过Palmers在生产和原型电池上进行探索，其中一些实验材料将由3M公司提供。一个目标是快速确定那些能够提供最佳循环和日历寿命的电池化学成分和操作范围。另一项是通过科技交流将先进的诊断方法转移到合作实验室。

Lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications must meet more stringent requirements thau those forportable electronics. In particular, they must last for 10 years, sustain over 3000 charge discharge cycles andwithstand extremes of temperature. Automotive applications demand Li-ion batteries of low cost and highenergy density.Grid and off-grid energy storage applications for Li-ion batteries have similar requirements. Long lifetimesand cycle lives, in this case 30 years and 10,000 cycles are required. Cost reduction is again a prime concern,while energy density is less of a factor.Li-ion batteries for medical applications have long lifetime, high energy density and elevated temperaturerequirements, not unlike those for automotive, although they are not as cost sensitive.Li-ion battely requirements for automotive, electric utility and medical applications overlap significantly andadvances in batteries targeted for one application can be shared across the other application areas. Therefore,we have included non-competing partners from automotive (GM), automotive battely (Magna), electric utility(NSP), medical (Medtronic) and battely materials (3M) in this proposal.The cycle and calendar life of Li-ion batteries destined for long-lifetime applications will be characterizedusing advanced diagnostic methods, including high precision coulometry, differential capacity analysis andautomated cell storage. The impact of electrode material coatings, electrolyte additives, electrolyte solvents,new electrode materials, temperature, potential range, etc. on cell lifetime will be explored with the palmers onproduction and on prototype cells which incorporate a wide range of experimental materials, some of whichwill be provided by 3M Co. One goal will be to rapidly identify those cell chemistries and operating rangesthat give optimum cycle and calendar life. Another will be to transfer the advanced diagnostic methods to thepartner labs through scientific and technical exchange.