Regional characterization of astrocytes in the human brain

人脑星形胶质细胞的区域特征

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-05133
• 负责人: Mechawar, Naguib
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=629159
• 关键词: Regional; characterization; astrocytes; human; brain

: Until the 1990s, astrocytes were largely considered to be passive components of the central nervous system, providing mainly structural support for neurons. It is now clear that astrocytes are highly dynamic cells that play a variety of roles that are essential for the proper function of cerebral networks. However, our current knowledge on the morpho-functional properties of these cells comes essentially from studies conducted with animal models, rodents in particular. Despite the many similarities in the basic organization of rodent and human brains, significant differences can exist at the cellular level. Our work as well as that of other groups have recently shown that cortical astrocytes are much more complex and diverse than their rodent counterparts. Despite these recent findings, much remains to be discovered regarding the cellular and subcellular organization and molecular properties of astrocytes in the human brain. In particular, virtually nothing is known about the morphometric and molecular features of astrocytes in other, non-cortical, brain regions.

直到20世纪90年代，星形胶质细胞在很大程度上被认为是中枢神经系统的被动组成部分，主要为神经元提供结构支持。现在很清楚，星形胶质细胞是高度动态的细胞，发挥着各种作用，这些作用对大脑网络的正常功能至关重要。然而，我们目前对这些细胞的形态功能特性的了解基本上来自对动物模型，特别是啮齿动物进行的研究。尽管啮齿动物和人类大脑的基本组织有许多相似之处，但在细胞水平上可能存在显着差异。我们和其他研究小组的工作最近表明，皮质星形胶质细胞比啮齿类动物的同类细胞更复杂和多样。尽管最近有这些发现，但关于人脑星形胶质细胞的细胞和亚细胞组织以及分子特性仍有许多有待发现。特别是，几乎没有什么是已知的形态和分子特征的星形胶质细胞在其他非皮层，大脑区域。