Molecular mechanisms of translation control during viral infection

遗传信息的流动始于 DNA 被转录成许多不同的信使 RNA (mRNA)。然后 mRNA 被翻译成特定的蛋白质，它们共同构成生命所需的功能构件。最初认为蛋白质表达主要受转录为特定 mRNA 的 DNA 数量控制。然而我们现在知道，高表达的 mRNA 有时很难翻译成蛋白质，而低表达的 mRNA 可以大量合成。因此，控制 mRNA 翻译的因素在调整/调节不同 mRNA 合成的蛋白质数量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。因此，翻译控制对关键的细胞功能有很大的贡献，例如增殖、生长和代谢，以及对营养缺乏或病原性病毒感染造成的压力做出有效的反应。

The flow of genetic information begins by DNA being transcribed into many different messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The mRNAs are then translated into specific proteins, which together comprise the functional building blocks required for life. Protein expression was originally thought to be primarily controlled by how much DNA is transcribed into specific mRNAs. However we now know that highly expressed mRNAs are sometimes weakly translated into proteins, while poorly expressed mRNAs can be synthesized abundantly. Therefore, the factors that control mRNA translation play a vital role in adjusting/regulating the amount of proteins synthesized from distinct mRNAs. Translation control thus strongly contributes to critical cellular functions, such as proliferation, growth, and metabolism, as well as mounting efficient responses to stresses from nutrient deprivation or pathogenic viral infections.