How voice familiarity facilitates intelligibility of degraded and masked speech

尽管受到其他来源的干扰，跟踪和理解某个特定的对话伙伴是我们大多数人每天都能完成的壮举。然而，需要许多处理操作，以便当听到由许多不同声源(及其回声)组成的复杂听觉信号时，可以识别、跟踪和理解特定的一个声源(即，语音)。我和我的受训者研究经验和先验知识如何影响声音的倾听和理解，特别是在嘈杂的日常条件下。以知识为导向的过程(例如，使用有意义的语境在感知上“填充”掩蔽或退化的语音)可以显著改善感知组织和言语感知，但通常需要注意，这可能就是为什么在嘈杂的社交环境中沟通是费力的，而且往往令人沮丧的原因。一个未被开发的基于知识的因素，它可能会增强理解，但实际上

Following and understanding one particular conversational partner, despite interference from other sources, is a feat most of us accomplish every day. However, many processing operations are required so that, when hearing a complex auditory signal consisting of many different sources of sound (and their echoes), one source in particular (i.e., a voice) can be identified, tracked, and understood. My trainees and I study how experience and prior knowledge feed into voice listening and comprehension, particularly in noisy, everyday, conditions. Knowledge-guided processes (e.g., the use of meaningful context to perceptually ‘fill in’ masked or degraded speech) can dramatically improve perceptual organization and speech perception, but often require attention, which is probably why communicating in noisy social situations is effortful and often frustrating. One underexplored knowledge-based factor that may enhance comprehension while actually