Deuterostome extracellular matrix structures (ossicles, tubes & gill bars): Evolution, composition and development.

后口动物细胞外基质结构（小骨、管

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-05058
• 负责人: Cameron, Christopher
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=631762
• 关键词: Deuterostome; extracellular; matrix; structures; ossicles

My program seeks to understand the homology of extracellular matrix structures (EMS) and how they change on evolutionary and developmental time scales. EMS include skeletons, tubes, shells and gill bars. They are widely investigated by paleontologists, developmental biologists, physical chemists, material scientists, medical researchers, and ocean acidification scientists. There are so many materials used and morphologies produced, that common threads connecting basic structures in different taxa are of considerable interest. I study EMS (skeletons, tubes and gill bars) in the deuterostomes. Deuterostomes include three phyla; the Hemichordata are a small group of marine invertebrates that are sister group to Echinodermata (that together form the ‘Ambulacraria’), which in turn is sister to the Chordata. Hemichordates are comprised of two major classes, the solitary acorn worms, and the colonial, tubicolous pterobranchs (including graptolites). Early in my career I hypothesized that chordate gills, including the acellular secreted collagen, are a deuterostome plesiomorphic (ancestral) trait, present in acorn worms, but lost in echinoderms. In the past 5-years I have found support for this hypothesis using comparative and functional morphology, molecular development, comparative genomics including the finding of synteny of pharynx and gill developmental genes, and the discovery of Cambrian fossil acorn worms with gills. Today this hypothesis is widely accepted. Here I propose to adopt the same multidisciplinary approach to test three hypotheses (the first two are novel and attributable to the past 5-years of my NSERC program) on the origin and evolution of deuterostome EMS. My discovery of echinoderm-like skeletal ossicles in acorn worms has led to

我的计划旨在了解细胞外基质结构（EMS）的同源性，以及它们如何在进化和发展的时间尺度上变化。EMS包括骨架、管、壳和鳃条。它们被古生物学家、发育生物学家、物理化学家、材料科学家、医学研究人员和海洋酸化科学家广泛研究。有这么多的材料使用和形态产生，共同的线程连接不同类群的基本结构是相当大的兴趣。我研究EMS（骨架，管和鳃杆）在后口动物。后口动物包括三门;半索动物是一小群海洋无脊椎动物，是棘皮动物的姐妹群（共同组成“Ambulacraria”），而棘皮动物又是脊索动物的姐妹。半索动物由两个主要的纲组成，一个是独居的橡子蠕虫，另一个是群居的管栖翼鳃类（包括笔石）。在我职业生涯的早期，我假设脊索动物的鳃，包括非细胞分泌的胶原蛋白，是一种后口类（祖先）特征，存在于橡子蠕虫中，但在棘皮动物中丢失。在过去的5年里，我发现了支持这一假设的比较和功能形态学，分子发育，比较基因组学，包括咽和鳃发育基因的同线性的发现，以及寒武纪化石橡子蠕虫与鳃的发现。今天，这一假设已被广泛接受。在这里，我建议采用相同的多学科方法来测试三个假设（前两个是新的，并归因于过去5年的NSERC计划）的起源和演化的后口EMS。我在橡子蠕虫中发现了棘皮类骨骼小骨，