Deuterostome extracellular matrix structures (ossicles, tubes & gill bars): Evolution, composition and development.

后口动物细胞外基质结构（小骨、管

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-05058
• 负责人: Cameron, Christopher
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=684634
• 关键词: Deuterostome; extracellular; matrix; structures; ossicles

My program seeks to understand the homology of extracellular matrix structures (EMS) and how they change on evolutionary and developmental time scales. EMS include skeletons, tubes, shells and gill bars. They are widely investigated by paleontologists, developmental biologists, physical chemists, material scientists, medical researchers, and ocean acidification scientists. There are so many materials used and morphologies produced, that common threads connecting basic structures in different taxa are of considerable interest. I study EMS (skeletons, tubes and gill bars) in the deuterostomes. Deuterostomes include three phyla; the Hemichordata are a small group of marine invertebrates that are sister group to Echinodermata (that together form the Ambulacraria'), which in turn is sister to the Chordata. Hemichordates are comprised of two major classes, the solitary acorn worms, and the colonial, tubicolous pterobranchs (including graptolites). Early in my career I hypothesized that chordate gills, including the acellular secreted collagen, are a deuterostome plesiomorphic (ancestral) trait, present in acorn worms, but lost in echinoderms. In the past 5-years I have found support for this hypothesis using comparative and functional morphology, molecular development, comparative genomics including the finding of synteny of pharynx and gill developmental genes, and the discovery of Cambrian fossil acorn worms with gills. Today this hypothesis is widely accepted. Here I propose to adopt the same multidisciplinary approach to test three hypotheses (the first two are novel and attributable to the past 5-years of my NSERC program) on the origin and evolution of deuterostome EMS. My discovery of echinoderm-like skeletal ossicles in acorn worms has led to Hypothesis #1: Echinoderm ossicles are an ambulacrarian plesiomorphy. Secondly, our discoveries of tubicolous Cambrian acorn worms, has led to Hypothesis #2: Pterobranch tubes are a hemichordate plesiomorphy. Finally, we will test Hypothesis #3: Extinct echinoderms (stylophorans) had gills used in filter feeding and lost in modern taxa.*** *Over 5-years my program will support 1 MSc, 5 PhD, 1 post-doc and at minimum 30 undergraduate HQPs. All will gain experience in experimental design, data analysis, technical writing, public speaking and attend weekly lab meetings to discuss papers, student progress, current and emerging methods, tools and theory. My program is a talent pipeline, designed with HQP training at its core. HQPs master cutting edge techniques, in the context of projects that integrate the gene, cell, organism, and population levels of biological organization in two temporal dimensions developmental and geological. The result is HQPs that are collaborative, adaptable, solution oriented and who integrate into academia, industry, medicine, and policy.***

我的计划试图了解细胞外基质结构（EMS）的同源性以及它们如何在进化和发育时间尺度上发生变化。 EMS包括骨架，试管，贝壳和g杆。古生物学家，发育生物学家，物理化学家，材料科学家，医学研究人员和海洋酸化科学家对它们进行了广泛的研究。产生了许多材料和形态，以至于连接不同分类单元中基本结构的共同线程引起了极大的兴趣。我研究氘抑制剂中的EMS（骨骼，试管和g杆）。氘化包括三个门； Hemichordata是一小群海洋无脊椎动物，它们是eChinodermata的姐妹组（共同构成了Ambulacria'），这反过来又是Chordata的姐妹。半色由两个主要类别组成，分别是孤立的橡子蠕虫，以及殖民地，管状的pterobranchs（包括graptolites）。在我职业生涯的早期，我假设包括细胞分泌的胶原在内的Chordate Gills是甲状腺皮质的毛状（祖先）特质，它存在于Acorn Worms中，但在echinoderms中丢失。在过去的五年中，我使用比较和功能形态，分子发育，比较基因组学，包括发现咽和Gill发育基因的同步以及发现寒武纪化石橡胶与Gills的发现。今天，这个假设已被广泛接受。在这里，我建议采用相同的多学科方法来检验三个假设（前两个是新颖的，并且归因于我的NSERC计划的过去5年），以对Deuterostome EMS的起源和进化进行测试。我发现橡子蠕虫中的棘皮动物样骨骼耳，导致假设1：棘皮动物骨是一种甲克拉克拉群质的杂质。其次，我们对管状寒武纪橡子蠕虫的发现导致了假设2：翼龙试管是半薄片的圆锥形。 最后，我们将检验假设＃3：灭绝的棘皮动物（样型芯）在过滤器喂养中使用了ills，在现代分类单元中使用了ills。****在5年以上，我的计划将支持1 MSC，5 Phd，1 Phd，1个博士后，1个后DOC和至少30个本科生HQP。所有人都将获得实验设计，数据分析，技术写作，公开演讲和参加每周实验室会议的经验，以讨论论文，学生进步，当前和新兴方法，工具和理论。我的计划是一条人才管道，设计了HQP培训的核心。在将基因，细胞，生物体和生物组织人口水平整合到两个时间维度的发展和地质的项目的背景下，HQPS主尖端技术的发展。结果是协作，适应性，解决方案并融入学术界，工业，医学和政策的HQP。***