Plant persistence and dispersal at multiple scales

植物在多个尺度上的持久性和扩散

• 批准号: 249905-2013
• 负责人: deBlois, Sylvie
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=632089
• 关键词: Plant; persistence; dispersal; multiple; scales

The major reshuffling of species distribution and abundance predicted from global change models is sending us back to the fundamentals of ecology and is expected to have unprecedented impacts, including economic ones, on biodiversity and natural resources. Yet, the ability to predict the combined effects on the future distribution of species of land use changes and rapid warming remains remarkably limited. Understanding how plants respond to these changes is important as plants structure habitats, provide resources to other species (including humans), and regulate biogeochemical flows. For ecologists and conservation specialists, there is an urgent need to reconcile the time scales and spatial extents of biological processes occurring at population and community levels (e.g., reproduction, dispersal) with those required to keep up with the magnitude and speed of environmental changes predicted by global models. Lessons from contemporary species invasion can be informative in this context as they underscore the potential for rapid adaptive responses from species, including climatic niche shifts, in facilitating species migration and range expansion. This research will provide the advanced knowledge necessary to understand and sustain ecological flows in managed landscapes in this century by testing predictions about plant species performance and distribution in a changing climate using field observations, controlled experiments, and modelling. The research has direct relevance for our collective engagement towards the conservation and management of biodiversity and its services given that global changes will inevitably challenge the accepted dichotomies on which we base many of our management decisions, such as the one between native vs. exotic species, rare vs. common species, or protected vs. unprotected areas. It will help us move towards a dynamic view of nature conservation.

全球变化模型预测的物种分布和丰度的重大重新洗牌将把我们带回生态学的基本原理，预计将对生物多样性和自然资源产生前所未有的影响，包括经济影响。然而，预测土地利用变化和快速变暖对未来物种分布的综合影响的能力仍然非常有限。了解植物如何对这些变化做出反应是重要的，因为植物构建了栖息地，为其他物种(包括人类)提供了资源，并调节了生物地球化学流动。对于生态学家和保护专家来说，迫切需要协调在种群和社区一级(例如繁殖、扩散)发生的生物过程的时间尺度和空间范围，以及跟上全球模型预测的环境变化的规模和速度所需的时间尺度和空间范围。在这方面，当代物种入侵的经验教训可以提供信息，因为它们强调了物种在促进物种迁徙和范围扩大方面做出快速适应反应的潜力，包括气候生态位变化。这项研究将提供了解和维持本世纪受管理景观中的生态流所需的高级知识，方法是利用实地观察、对照实验和建模来测试对气候变化中植物物种表现和分布的预测。这项研究直接关系到我们对生物多样性及其服务的保护和管理的集体参与，因为全球变化将不可避免地挑战我们许多管理决策所依据的公认的二分法，例如本地物种与外来物种、稀有物种与普通物种、受保护区域与未受保护区域之间的二分法。它将帮助我们走向一种动态的自然保护观点。