Kinetics, stoichiometry and product distributions of electrode reactions at novel electrocatalytic materials

新型电催化材料电极反应的动力学、化学计量和产物分布

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-04260
• 负责人: Pickup, Peter
• 金额: $ 3.28万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=632455
• 关键词: Kinetics; stoichiometry; product; distributions; electrode

This research program will provide knowledge and advanced materials that will enable efficient electrochemical energy production from biofuels such as ethanol, glycerol and fuels produced by the pyrolysis of waste biomass. Currently, fuel cells operated with these fuels are too inefficient for significant commercial development, due primarily to the low activities of the anode catalysts that are available, and the production of partial oxidation products (byproducts). Advances in the development of fuel cells powered directly by biofuels require new electrocatalytic materials that provide high power and high efficiencies. These will be designed and synthesized by combining different methods from the literature, and new approaches, to produce innovative multifunctional materials. Thus, a variety of metal oxides will be used to support platinum based catalytic nanoparticles, and control their activities for the pathways leading to complete and partial oxidation of the fuel. In addition, the structures and compositions of the metal nanoparticles will be varied to optimize power and efficiency. Improved and new experimental methods will be used to relate the wealth of knowledge that has been accumulated from fundamental studies, in liquid electrolytes under ambient conditions, to the higher temperature and pressure, flow conditions in a fuel cell with a polymer electrolyte. In this way, it will become possible to rapidly transfer discoveries from this research to end users. This will facilitate the development of ethanol fuel cells that are competitive with technologies based on fossil fuels, and enable the use of more complex biofuels. The primary long term objective is to increase the efficiencies of direct ethanol fuel cells to 50%, which will make them one of the best alternatives to internal combustion engines as low carbon power sources for vehicles. The results will address Canada’s research priority in new materials for clean energy and energy efficiency, be important to the energy industry in Canada, and provide important environmental and financial benefits, while training highly qualified personnel to exploit these opportunities.

该研究计划将提供知识和先进的材料，使生物燃料，如乙醇，甘油和废生物质热解产生的燃料，能够有效地生产电化学能。目前，用这些燃料运行的燃料电池对于显著的商业开发来说效率太低，这主要是由于可用的阳极催化剂的活性低，以及产生部分氧化产物（副产物）。直接由生物燃料提供动力的燃料电池的发展需要提供高功率和高效率的新的电催化材料。这些将通过结合文献中的不同方法和新方法来设计和合成，以生产创新的多功能材料。因此，各种金属氧化物将用于负载铂基催化纳米颗粒，并控制它们对导致燃料完全和部分氧化的途径的活性。此外，金属纳米颗粒的结构和组成将变化以优化功率和效率。改进的和新的实验方法将被用来与丰富的知识，已积累的基础研究，在环境条件下的液体电解质，更高的温度和压力，在燃料电池中的流动条件与聚合物电解质。通过这种方式，将有可能将这项研究的发现快速转移给最终用户。这将促进乙醇燃料电池的开发，使其与基于化石燃料的技术竞争，并使更复杂的生物燃料的使用成为可能。主要的长期目标是将直接乙醇燃料电池的效率提高到50%，这将使它们成为内燃机作为车辆低碳能源的最佳替代品之一。研究结果将解决加拿大在清洁能源和能源效率新材料方面的研究重点，对加拿大的能源行业很重要，并提供重要的环境和财务效益，同时培训高素质的人才来利用这些机会。