Instrumental Innovations for Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry

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The identification and measurement of trace levels of molecules in real world samples is the end goal of analytical chemistry. Unfortunately, trace level measurements made in complicated, real-world samples (municipal waste water, blood, urine, tissue fluids, etc.) can be confounded by the other, major components of the samples (interferents), adversely affecting successful results. Direct determinations are desirable, because they are simple, and can reduce the risk of altering the results through contamination or dilution. The successful measurement of key determinants of environmental and human health in real samples (pesticides, hormones, drugs, metabolites, etc.) is challenging because many current analyses require sample cleanup, concentration and other preparation steps, adding both time and cost, as well as the risk of potential contamination or dilution of the samples.