Chemical and Genetic Triggers of Secondary Metabolite Production

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For over fifty years natural products were the primary source of new drug leads, in many cases moving from isolation to clinic use without modification. Most of these compounds were isolated from bacteria and fungi, the product of a massive industrial effort to isolate cultivable strains from every corner of the globe. This search largely ended two decades ago, due in part to diminishing returns from continual re-isolation of known compounds. The absence of new natural products has hit anticancer and antibiotic research the hardest, as approximately 40% and 80% of small molecule antibiotics and anticancer drugs are natural product based.