Nanoprobes to reveal signature biomarkers

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The ability of cells to adapt to different injurious stimuli is one of the major forces driving evolution. The mechanisms underlying cell adaptation are not fully understood. Lysosomes, dynamic cellular organelles which were considered for a long time only “garbage incinerators” have been recently proposed as essential players in cellular adaptation. Lysosomal functions are regulated at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels and these functions respond to extracellular and intracellular cues. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal functions. Its status depends on upstream kinase activities.