Development of compressed ultrafast microscopy for real-time multi-scale neuroimaging

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A prevalent goal in neuroscience is to record fast, spontaneous neural activities occurring at varied spatial and temporal scales in real time. Conventional electrophysiology relied on microelectrodes to record neuron’s membrane potentials. However, in general, this invasive approach is limited in the number of recording sites, vulnerable to environmental electrical noises, and challenged for longitudinal monitoring. Optical recording, on the other hand, has emerged as an attractive approach to measuring neural activities with inherent advantages in non-invasiveness, recording parallelism, and spatiotemporal scalability. Optical voltage imaging encompasses two major constituents: voltage indicators and optical imaging instruments. Recent advances in biochemistry have enabled fast-response, high-sensitivity fluorescent voltage indicators. However, existing optical instruments still lack sufficient speed, scalability, and sensitivity. Thus, real-time, multi-scale optical imaging of neural activities has not been achieved.