Nanoscale photonic devices to store, process, and transfer quantum information

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Currently, quantum photonic devices are being developed for secure quantum communication, whereby single photons are used to distribute an encrypted key to ensure secure information transfer by applying the laws of quantum physics. However, sending single photons over long distances is extremely challenging since photons get lost in data transmission by being absorbed in optical fibers via classical communication channels. Due to this transmission loss, quantum information can only be distributed over relatively short distances, between nearby cities. To extend the distance that secure quantum information can travel, to thousands of kilometers, new quantum photonic device technologies are needed. In addition, since it is not possible to amplify quantum signals in the same manner as classical signals, a quantum repeater (a device that repeats a quantum signal) is the most realistic device to achieve long distance quantum communication. Secure distribution of quantum information over longer distances will impact government, military, banking institutions, businesses and everyone who needs to safeguard their sensitive and personal data.