Geodynamics of the Americas

美洲地球动力学

• 批准号: 355649-2013
• 负责人: Currie, Claire
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=634074
• 关键词: Geodynamics; Americas

Western North and South America are regions with mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes that result from plate tectonic processes occurring immediately offshore. Here, oceanic plates descend into the Earth below the continent, a process known as subduction. My research aims to understand the relationship between subduction, the dynamics of the Earth's interior and the geology that is observed at the Earth's surface. The proposed research focuses on two aspects of the geology of western North and South America:(1) Mountain-building - my students and I would like to understand the development of the Laramide Orogeny (over 50 million years ago) in the western United States and the modern Central Andes of South America. We will build computer models to study links between crustal deformation and subduction forces. We are interested in testing whether an unusual subduction environment was needed to produce Laramide deformation and if small-scale processes in a mountain belt (such as surface erosion) affect its large-scale evolution.(2) Subduction dynamics - subduction and flow of the mantle (the region below the Earth's crust) directly affect the temperature structure of the Earth, which then controls deformation and volcanism. Using state-of-the-art computer programs, my research group will develop 3D models to understand mantle flow and continental temperatures at subduction zones, focusing 3D effects associated with complex plate geometries and the presence of a hole in the oceanic plate.The computer models yield insight into the factors that have shaped the geological evolution of western North and South America. They also provide information about temperatures and stresses within the Earth, which are important for the assessment of seismic hazard, volcanism, hydrocarbon potential and geothermal energy.

北美西部和南美是山脉、地震和火山的地区，这些都是近海板块构造过程的结果。在这里，海洋板块下降到大陆下方的地球，这一过程被称为俯冲。我的研究旨在了解俯冲，地球内部的动力学和在地球表面观察到的地质学之间的关系。拟议的研究集中在南北美洲西部地质的两个方面：（1）造山运动-我和我的学生想了解美国西部的Laramide造山运动（5000多万年前）和现代南美洲的中部安第斯山脉的发展。我们将建立计算机模型来研究地壳变形和俯冲力之间的联系。我们有兴趣测试是否需要一个不寻常的俯冲环境，以产生Laramide变形，如果小规模的过程中的山区带（如表面侵蚀）影响其大规模的演变。(2)俯冲动力学-俯冲和地幔（地壳以下的区域）的流动直接影响地球的温度结构，然后控制变形和火山活动。利用最先进的计算机程序，我的研究小组将开发3D模型，以了解俯冲带的地幔流和大陆温度，重点关注与复杂板块几何形状和海洋板块中存在的洞相关的3D效应。计算机模型可以深入了解塑造北美西部和南美地质演化的因素。它们还提供关于地球内部温度和应力的信息，这对于评估地震灾害、火山活动、碳氢化合物潜力和地热能十分重要。