Hydrodynamics over the northwest Atlantic Ocean

西北大西洋（NWA）及其毗邻的加拿大东部大陆架（ECS）对加拿大的社会和经济非常重要。这些区域支持航运和运输、商业和娱乐渔业、近海石油和天然气勘探和生产、海洋娱乐和旅游、水产养殖和其他经济活动。在物理上，这些区域位于两个大规模环流系统的西部边界汇合区：北大西洋副极地环流和北大西洋副热带环流。东加勒比海是北大西洋和太平洋中变化最大的区域。这些区域的环流和相关的时空变化受到许多强迫作用的影响，包括大气强迫、潮汐和拉布拉多海流、墨西哥湾流和北大西洋海流这三个大规模海流的相互作用。这些地区偶尔也会受到热带气旋和冬季风暴等极端天气事件的影响。由于全球气候变化，预计这些区域的物理条件（即海流、层结、表面波和海冰）将发生重大变化。

The Northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWA) and its adjoining eastern Canadian shelf (ECS) are socially and economically very important to Canada. These regions support shipping and transportation, commercial and recreational fisheries, offshore oil and gas exploration and production, marine recreation and tourism, aquaculture, and other economic activities. Physically, these regions lie in the western boundary confluence zone of two large-scale gyre systems: the North Atlantic subpolar gyre and North Atlantic subtropical gyre. The ECS is the most variable area of the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The circulation and associated temporal and spatial variability of these regions are influenced by many forcing functions including atmospheric forcing, tides and interactions of three large-scale currents: the Labrador Current, the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current. These regions are also affected occasionally by extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones and winter storms. The physical conditions (ie, currents, stratification, surface waves and sea ice) over the regions are expected to have substantial changes due to global climate change.