Hydrodynamics over the northwest Atlantic Ocean

西北大西洋（NWA）及其毗邻的加拿大东部大陆架（ECS）对加拿大的社会和经济非常重要。这些区域支持航运和运输、商业和娱乐渔业、近海石油和天然气勘探和生产、海洋娱乐和旅游、水产养殖和其他经济活动。在物理上，这些区域位于两个大规模环流系统的西部边界汇合区：北大西洋副极地环流和北大西洋副热带环流。东加勒比海是北大西洋和太平洋中变化最大的区域。这些区域的环流和相关的时空变化受到许多强迫作用的影响，包括大气强迫、潮汐和拉布拉多海流、墨西哥湾流和北大西洋海流这三个大规模海流的相互作用。这些地区偶尔也会受到热带气旋和冬季风暴等极端天气事件的影响。 由于全球气候变化，预计这些地区的物理条件（即海流、层结、表面波和海冰）将发生重大变化。本提案的长期目标是：㈠模拟和预测西北大西洋和东加勒比海的海洋环境状况和相关的变异性; ㈡根据数值模拟和现有观测，查明影响这些区域海洋环境状况时空变异性的主要过程。该提案的短期目标是：（a）开发一个先进的海洋模型系统，用于模拟三维环流、表面波和海冰以及这些区域的溶解氧等一些地球化学变量;（B）量化极端天气条件下海流、表面波和海冰之间的动态相互作用;（d）研究自然环境条件对大西洋鲑鱼和鲟鱼等海洋动物迁徙和分布的影响。拟议的研究将大大提高我们对NWA和ECS海洋条件的了解，对广大科学界非常有用。利用先进的模拟系统进行研究，将大大提高我们预测海洋环境状况的能力，这对西北大西洋和东南大西洋地区自然资源的有效生态系统管理非常重要。研究结果将告知决策者气候变化和其他环境压力对这些地区的影响。拟议的研究将为培训海洋环境条件建模和预测尖端研究方面的高素质人员作出重大贡献，这对加拿大在这一领域的国际竞争能力至关重要。

The Northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWA) and its adjoining eastern Canadian shelf (ECS) are socially and economically very important to Canada. These regions support shipping and transportation, commercial and recreational fisheries, offshore oil and gas exploration and production, marine recreation and tourism, aquaculture, and other economic activities. Physically, these regions lie in the western boundary confluence zone of two large-scale gyre systems: the North Atlantic subpolar gyre and North Atlantic subtropical gyre. The ECS is the most variable area of the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The circulation and associated temporal and spatial variability of these regions are influenced by many forcing functions including atmospheric forcing, tides and interactions of three large-scale currents: the Labrador Current, the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current. These regions are also affected occasionally by extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones and winter storms. The physical conditions (ie, currents, stratification, surface waves and sea ice) over the regions are expected to have substantial changes due to global climate change.*******The long-term objectives of this proposal are to (i) model and predict marine environmental conditions and associated variability over the NWA and ECS and (ii) identify main processes affecting temporal and spatial variability in marine environmental conditions over these regions based on numerical simulations and available observations. The short-term objectives of the proposal are: (a) to develop an advanced ocean modelling system for simulating three-dimensional circulation, surface waves, and sea ice and some biogeochemical variables such as dissolved oxygen over these regions; (b) to quantify dynamic interactions between currents, surface waves, and sea ice during extreme weather conditions; (c) to quantify impacts of climate change on the physical conditions in the NWA and ECS; and (d) to examine the effect of physical environmental conditions on the migration and distributions of marine animals such Atlantic salmon and sturgeon. The proposed research will significantly advance our knowledge of marine conditions over the NWA and ECS and be very useful to the broad science community.*******Research with an advanced modelling system will significantly improve our ability in predicting marine environmental conditions, which is very important for an effective ecosystem management of natural resources over the NWA and ECS. The research results will inform decision makers about effects of climate change and other environmental stresses over these regions. The proposed research will make significant contributions to the training of highly qualified personnel in cutting-edge research of modelling and prediction of marine environmental conditions, which is crucial for Canada's ability to compete internationally in this field.*****