Investigating Effects of New Vehicle Technologies on Highway Safety from Transition to Full Implementation

公路系统为乘客和货物提供了最重要的运输方式。道路基础设施的规划和设计是一项相对简单的任务，直到20世纪初机动车辆的引入，这需要对道路设计和建设进行重大改变。然而，道路设计准则的发展，以解决出现的安全问题是大约半个世纪后的实际需要，甚至在加拿大更晚。通信和计算技术的最新进展通过开发和部署两种独立的新车辆技术使车辆设计走上了重大革命性变革的道路：联网车辆（CV），其中车辆可以相互通信并与公路基础设施通信，以及自动驾驶车辆（AV），也称为自动驾驶车辆。虽然一些CV/AV技术已经部署在道路上，但估计最早将在2020-2025年进行大规模实施。预计这些技术的全面实施不仅会带来显著的好处，包括减少拥堵、减少燃料消耗和车辆排放、提高机动性以及大幅减少碰撞，而且随着它们进入市场也会带来显著的好处。虽然CV/AV技术是为在现有道路基础设施上运行而开发的，但为了充分发挥这些新技术的优势，肯定需要对道路进行改造。

The highway system provides the most important mode of transportation for passengers and goods. Planning and design of the road infrastructure was a relatively simple task until the introduction of motorized vehicles in early 1900s, which required major changes in road design and construction. However, the development of road design guidelines to address arising safety problems was around half a century behind the actual need and was even later in Canada. Recent advancements of communication and computing technologies have put vehicle design on the path of significant revolutionary changes through the development and deployment of two separate new vehicle technologies: connected vehicles (CVs), where vehicles can communicate with each other and with the highway infrastructure, and autonomous vehicles (AVs) which are also known as self-driving vehicles. While some CV/AV technologies are already deployed on the road, estimates put wide-scale implementation as early as 2020-2025. Significant benefits including reduced congestion, reduced fuel consumption and vehicle emissions, improved mobility, and considerable reduction of collisions are expected not only with the full implementation of these technologies but also as they penetrate the market. Although CV/AV technologies are developed to operate on the existing road infrastructure, road modifications will certainly be required to realize the full benefits of these new technologies.