Development of Methods to Measure and Monitor Pedestrian Exposure for Planning, Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Transportation Infrastructure.

步行需要合适的基础设施来满足用户的需求。要在市区（或乡郊）适当容纳行人，首先必须了解不同使用者对系统的需求（即不同土地用途的不同时段、不同星期、不同季节的行人暴露量）。行人暴露数据的典型应用有：指导人行道、人行横道和其他行人设施的设计。2 .评估与行人有关的基础设施的成效。根据碰撞率确定高风险区域，进行安全分析。协助厘定行人基础设施改善的优先次序。开发模型，预测土地开发或交通系统内其他实施变化后的行人交通量。6. 在规划过程中客观地处理行人问题的优先次序。无论是在国内还是在国际上，行人交通数据的缺乏已经被认为是行人相关基础设施正确规划、设计、运营和维护的最大障碍之一。事实上，目前还没有系统的方法来评估交通工程应用中的行人暴露，因此，涉及行人相关基础设施的决策是在没有必要的关于行人设施需求性质的知识的情况下做出的。尽管交通工程专业人员已经开始开发不同的行人监测方法，但他们认识到需要进行更多的研究，以找到一种系统的方法来估计行人交通暴露。例如，非常需要用更可靠的统计方法为所有类型的土地用途开发行人交通模式，并调查城市地区行人交通的时间特征。本研究的目的是设计和验证交通工程研究人员和从业人员可以使用的方法，以系统地估计基础设施规划、设计、运营和维护的行人交通暴露。所得方法将有助于行人交通监测系统的发展：(1)响应工程研究人员和从业人员的信息需求；(2)保持分析数据的真实性；(3)在整个北美推广一致的做法；(4)维护用于分析的基础数据的完整性；(5)支持未来的灵活性。这些是驱动交通监控的原则，也应该成为行人交通监控计划的一部分。这项研究将有助于在城市道路工程基础设施中为行人提供安全和公平的住宿，通过步行帮助增加积极的生活。

Walking requires suitable infrastructure that meets the needs of users. To properly accommodate pedestrians in an urban (or rural) area, it is essential to first understand the demand on the system (i.e., pedestrian exposure in terms of volumes by time of day, day of week and season, for different types of land use) by different types of users. Typical applications of pedestrian exposure data are:1. To guide the design of sidewalks, crosswalks, and other pedestrian facilities.2. To evaluate the effectiveness of pedestrian-related infrastructure.3. To conduct safety analysis by identifying areas of high risk based on collision rates.4. To aid in prioritization of pedestrian infrastructure improvements.5. To develop models that predict pedestrian traffic volumes after a land development or other implemented changes within a transportation system. 6. To objectively address the priority of pedestrian issues in the planning process.The lack of pedestrian traffic data has been identified, nationally and internationally, as one of the most significant barriers to the proper planning, designing, operation, and maintenance of pedestrian-related infrastructure. In fact, there is currently no systematic method to estimate pedestrian exposure for transportation engineering applications, and as a result, decisions involving pedestrian-related infrastructure are made without the required knowledge about the nature of the demand for pedestrian accommodation. Although transportation engineering professionals have begun to develop different pedestrian monitoring methods, they recognize that more research is required to find a systematic way of estimating pedestrian traffic exposure. For example, there is a great need to develop pedestrian traffic patterns for all types of land uses with more robust statistical methods, and to investigate the temporal characteristics of pedestrian traffic in urban areas. The purpose of the proposed research is to design and validate methods that can be used by transportation engineering researchers and practitioners to systematically estimate pedestrian traffic exposure for infrastructure planning, design, operations and maintenance. The resulting methods will contribute to the development of pedestrian traffic monitoring systems which: (1) respond to the information needs of engineering researchers and practitioners; (2) maintain truth in the data used for analysis; (3) promote consistent practice throughout North America; (4) maintain the integrity of the base data used for analysis; and (5) support future flexibility. These are the principles that drive traffic monitoring and which should also become part of a pedestrian traffic monitoring program.This research will assist with the safe and equitable accommodation of pedestrians in urban road engineering infrastructure, helping to increase active living, through walking.