Experimental Studies of Dynamic River Ice Processes

河冰堵塞是许多加拿大社区的主要关切，因为它们对生命和财产构成重大威胁。冰塞是危险的，因为它们可以非常迅速地形成，通常会导致比开放水域事件更高的洪水水位（例如塞尔柯克，MB）。它们也可以迅速释放，造成危险的冰和水的激增（例如麦克默里堡，AB）。2009年红河冰塞造成的洪水使该省防洪基础设施的极限受到限制，因为没有足够的预测模型，不得不匆忙开发以应对水位迅速上升。据估计，事件期间水位在4小时内上涨1.22米，总上涨2.8米。这促使一项440万美元的收购计划，用于红河沿着易受洪水影响的房产，因为水位的急剧上升使当地居民难以充分预警。

River ice jams are of major concern to many Canadian communities as they pose a significant threat to both lives and property. Ice jams are dangerous because they can form very rapidly, and typically cause higher flood levels than open water events (e.g. Selkirk, MB). They can also release quickly, creating dangerous surges of ice and water (e.g. Fort McMurray, AB). Flooding in 2009 caused by ice jams on the Red River strained the limits of the province’s flood control infrastructure as adequate predictive models were not available and had to be hurriedly developed in response to rapidly increasing water levels. It is estimated that water levels during the event rose 1.22 m in 4 hours, with a total rise of 2.8 m. This prompted a $4.4 million buyout program for flood-prone properties along the Red River as the dramatic rise in water level made it difficult to adequately warn the local residents.