Experimental Studies of Dynamic River Ice Processes

动态河流冰过程的实验研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04269
• 负责人: Dow, Karen
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=679719
• 关键词: Experimental; Studies; Dynamic; River; Ice

River ice jams are of major concern to many Canadian communities as they pose a significant threat to both lives and property. Ice jams are dangerous because they can form very rapidly, and typically cause higher flood levels than open water events (e.g. Selkirk, MB). They can also release quickly, creating dangerous surges of ice and water (e.g. Fort McMurray, AB). Flooding in 2009 caused by ice jams on the Red River strained the limits of the province's flood control infrastructure as adequate predictive models were not available and had to be hurriedly developed in response to rapidly increasing water levels. It is estimated that water levels during the event rose 1.22 m in 4 hours, with a total rise of 2.8 m. This prompted a $4.4 million buyout program for flood-prone properties along the Red River as the dramatic rise in water level made it difficult to adequately warn the local residents.***It is important to be able to predict and examine the impacts of these dynamic ice processes so that stakeholders can address issues such as public safety, optimized hydroelectric generation operations, and effects on the aquatic environment. However, numerical models remain in the development stage primarily because of their reliance on subroutines that are based on empirical relationships rather than actual flow physics. The transport and accumulation of ice is of great importance to the formation of ice jams and is considered one of the most complicated problems in river ice engineering because of the complex fluid dynamics surrounding individual ice floes. At present, much of our knowledge of these processes is necessarily qualitative, due to the inherent logistical difficulties and safety issues that arise when trying to measure dynamic ice processes in the field. This is particularly true for ice floe transport under ice jams. ***The objective of the proposed research program is to investigate river ice jam dynamics to advance our fundamental knowledge of these processes, including a better understanding of the transport of individual ice floes and the formation of ice jams. This will provide essential validation for numerical models currently being developed by others and expand our ability to implement improved numerical models that have a greater physical basis. Four graduate students will be trained under this research program through a series of innovative experiments and will become some of Canada's future experts in river ice hydraulics.**

河冰堵塞是许多加拿大社区关注的主要问题，因为它们对生命和财产构成了重大威胁。冰塞是危险的，因为它们可以非常迅速地形成，并且通常比开放水域事件（例如Selkirk， MB）引起更高的洪水水位。它们也会迅速释放，造成危险的冰和水的涌流（例如AB的麦克默里堡）。2009年，红河上的冰塞造成的洪水使该省的防洪基础设施不堪负荷，因为没有足够的预测模型，不得不匆忙开发以应对迅速上升的水位。据估计，在4小时内，水位上升了1.22米，总水位上升了2.8米。这促使一项440万美元的买断计划，用于红河沿岸易受洪水影响的房产，因为水位的急剧上升使得很难向当地居民发出充分的警告。***重要的是能够预测和检查这些动态冰过程的影响，以便利益相关者能够解决诸如公共安全，优化水力发电操作以及对水生环境的影响等问题。然而，数值模型仍然处于发展阶段，主要是因为它们依赖于基于经验关系的子程序，而不是基于实际的流动物理。冰的运输和积聚对冰塞的形成具有重要意义，由于单个浮冰周围复杂的流体动力学，被认为是河流冰工程中最复杂的问题之一。目前，由于在实地测量动态冰过程时出现的固有后勤困难和安全问题，我们对这些过程的大部分知识都是定性的。对于冰塞下的浮冰运输来说尤其如此。***拟议的研究计划的目的是调查河流冰阻塞动力学，以提高我们对这些过程的基本知识，包括更好地理解单个浮冰的运输和冰阻塞的形成。这将为目前其他人正在开发的数值模型提供必要的验证，并扩展我们实现具有更大物理基础的改进数值模型的能力。本研究项目将培养四名研究生，通过一系列创新实验，成为加拿大未来河冰水力学领域的专家