Experimental Studies of Dynamic River Ice Processes

动态河流冰过程的实验研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04269
• 负责人: Dow, Karen
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=679719
• 关键词: Experimental; Studies; Dynamic; River; Ice

River ice jams are of major concern to many Canadian communities as they pose a significant threat to both lives and property. Ice jams are dangerous because they can form very rapidly, and typically cause higher flood levels than open water events (e.g. Selkirk, MB). They can also release quickly, creating dangerous surges of ice and water (e.g. Fort McMurray, AB). Flooding in 2009 caused by ice jams on the Red River strained the limits of the province's flood control infrastructure as adequate predictive models were not available and had to be hurriedly developed in response to rapidly increasing water levels. It is estimated that water levels during the event rose 1.22 m in 4 hours, with a total rise of 2.8 m. This prompted a $4.4 million buyout program for flood-prone properties along the Red River as the dramatic rise in water level made it difficult to adequately warn the local residents.***It is important to be able to predict and examine the impacts of these dynamic ice processes so that stakeholders can address issues such as public safety, optimized hydroelectric generation operations, and effects on the aquatic environment. However, numerical models remain in the development stage primarily because of their reliance on subroutines that are based on empirical relationships rather than actual flow physics. The transport and accumulation of ice is of great importance to the formation of ice jams and is considered one of the most complicated problems in river ice engineering because of the complex fluid dynamics surrounding individual ice floes. At present, much of our knowledge of these processes is necessarily qualitative, due to the inherent logistical difficulties and safety issues that arise when trying to measure dynamic ice processes in the field. This is particularly true for ice floe transport under ice jams. ***The objective of the proposed research program is to investigate river ice jam dynamics to advance our fundamental knowledge of these processes, including a better understanding of the transport of individual ice floes and the formation of ice jams. This will provide essential validation for numerical models currently being developed by others and expand our ability to implement improved numerical models that have a greater physical basis. Four graduate students will be trained under this research program through a series of innovative experiments and will become some of Canada's future experts in river ice hydraulics.**

河冰堵塞是许多加拿大社区的主要关切，因为它们对生命和财产构成重大威胁。冰塞是危险的，因为它们可以非常迅速地形成，通常会导致比开放水域事件更高的洪水水位（例如塞尔柯克，MB）。它们也可以迅速释放，造成危险的冰和水的激增（例如麦克默里堡，AB）。2009年红河冰塞造成的洪水使该省防洪基础设施的极限受到限制，因为没有足够的预测模型，不得不匆忙开发以应对水位迅速上升。据估计，事件期间水位在4小时内上涨1.22米，总上涨2.8米。这促使红河沿岸沿着易受洪水影响的房产进行440万美元的买断计划，因为水位的急剧上升使得很难充分警告当地居民。重要的是要能够预测和检查这些动态冰过程的影响，使利益相关者可以解决的问题，如公共安全，优化水力发电业务，对水生环境的影响。然而，数值模型仍然处于发展阶段，主要是因为它们依赖于基于经验关系而不是实际流动物理的子程序。冰的输运和堆积是冰塞形成的重要因素，也是河流冰工程中最复杂的问题之一。目前，我们对这些过程的大部分知识必然是定性的，这是由于在试图测量现场动态冰过程时出现的固有的后勤困难和安全问题。这对于冰塞下的浮冰运输尤其如此。* 拟议研究计划的目标是调查河流冰塞动力学，以推进我们对这些过程的基本知识，包括更好地了解单个浮冰的运输和冰塞的形成。这将为其他人目前正在开发的数值模型提供必要的验证，并扩大我们实施具有更大物理基础的改进数值模型的能力。四名研究生将通过一系列创新实验在该研究计划下接受培训，并将成为加拿大未来的河冰水力学专家。