Experimental Studies of Dynamic River Ice Processes

动态河流冰过程的实验研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04269
• 负责人: Dow, Karen
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=707977
• 关键词: Experimental; Studies; Dynamic; River; Ice

River ice jams are of major concern to many Canadian communities as they pose a significant threat to both lives and property. Ice jams are dangerous because they can form very rapidly, and typically cause higher flood levels than open water events (e.g. Selkirk, MB). They can also release quickly, creating dangerous surges of ice and water (e.g. Fort McMurray, AB). Flooding in 2009 caused by ice jams on the Red River strained the limits of the province's flood control infrastructure as adequate predictive models were not available and had to be hurriedly developed in response to rapidly increasing water levels. It is estimated that water levels during the event rose 1.22 m in 4 hours, with a total rise of 2.8 m. This prompted a $4.4 million buyout program for flood-prone properties along the Red River as the dramatic rise in water level made it difficult to adequately warn the local residents. It is important to be able to predict and examine the impacts of these dynamic ice processes so that stakeholders can address issues such as public safety, optimized hydroelectric generation operations, and effects on the aquatic environment. However, numerical models remain in the development stage primarily because of their reliance on subroutines that are based on empirical relationships rather than actual flow physics. The transport and accumulation of ice is of great importance to the formation of ice jams and is considered one of the most complicated problems in river ice engineering because of the complex fluid dynamics surrounding individual ice floes. At present, much of our knowledge of these processes is necessarily qualitative, due to the inherent logistical difficulties and safety issues that arise when trying to measure dynamic ice processes in the field. This is particularly true for ice floe transport under ice jams. The objective of the proposed research program is to investigate river ice jam dynamics to advance our fundamental knowledge of these processes, including a better understanding of the transport of individual ice floes and the formation of ice jams. This will provide essential validation for numerical models currently being developed by others and expand our ability to implement improved numerical models that have a greater physical basis. Four graduate students will be trained under this research program through a series of innovative experiments and will become some of Canada's future experts in river ice hydraulics.

河冰果酱对许多加拿大社区来说是主要关注的，因为它们对生命和财产构成了重大威胁。冰果酱很危险，因为它们可以非常迅速地形成，并且通常会比开放水位事件（例如Selkirk，MB）更高的洪水水平。它们还可以迅速释放，从而造成冰和水的危险冲浪（例如，麦克默里堡，AB）。 2009年，由于红河上的冰果酱造成的洪水造成了该省洪水控制基础设施的极限，因为没有足够的预测模型，因此必须急忙开发，以响应迅速增加的水位。据估计，事件期间的水位在4小时内上升了1.22 m，总增长2.8 m。由于水位的急剧上升使得很难警告当地居民，这促使了一项440万美元的易洪水洪水收购计划。 重要的是能够预测和检查这些动态冰过程的影响，以便利益相关者可以解决公共安全，优化的水力发电运营以及对水生环境的影响等问题。但是，数值模型之所以保留在开发阶段，主要是因为它们依赖基于经验关系而不是实际流动物理学的子例程。冰的运输和积累对于冰果酱的形成非常重要，由于围绕各个冰浮游的复杂流体动力学，因此被认为是河冰工程中最复杂的问题之一。目前，由于试图测量现场动态冰过程时出现的固有的后勤困难和安全问题，我们对这些过程的许多了解必然是定性的。对于冰果酱下的冰浮东西运输尤其如此。 拟议的研究计划的目的是研究河冰果酱动力学，以促进我们对这些过程的基本知识，包括更好地了解单个冰的运输和冰果酱的形成。这将为他人当前正在开发的数值模型提供基本验证，并扩大我们实施具有更大物理基础的改进数值模型的能力。通过一系列创新的实验，将在该研究计划下对四名研究生进行培训，并将成为加拿大未来河流液压方面的一些专家。