Low-Damage Seismic Solutions for Structural Systems with Wood

在典型的抗震设计方法中，只要能保证生命安全，大地震造成的破坏是可以接受的。但是，在最近的地震中，重大的经济损失引起了人们对地震后恢复成本和时间方面的结构性能的质疑。一种称为“低损伤解决方案”的替代方法，通过允许系统内牺牲元件的损伤来避免对主要结构构件的损伤，引起了设计者、规划者和社区的极大兴趣。还规定在发生大地震后更换损坏的构件，并以合理的费用在短时间内使结构恢复完全功能。应用低损伤原理的最著名的机制之一涉及无粘结后张拉和软钢屈服元件的组合。后张预应力筋基本上是弹性金属股，其贯穿将它们保持在一起的结构构件，从而确保地震后组件的完整性和完全自定心。位于连接处的低碳钢元件通过显著的非弹性变形吸收能量，从而保护主要结构构件免受损坏。

In typical seismic design approach, damages during a major earthquake are considered acceptable as long as life safety is achieved. But significant financial losses in recent earthquakes have raised questions about performance of structures in terms of post-earthquake recovery cost and time. One alternative approach termed “Low-damage Solution”, which avoids damage to the main structural members by allowing damages in sacrificial elements within the system, has attracted significant interest from designers, planners and the community. Provisions are also made to replace the damaged elements after a major earthquake and bring the structure back to a fully functional level within a short period of time at a reasonable cost. One of the most well-known mechanisms that applies the low-damage philosophy involves the combination of unbonded post-tensioning and mild steel-yielding elements. The post-tensioning tendons are essentially elastic metal strands that run through the structural members holding them together, thereby ensuring integrity and full self-centering of the assembly following an earthquake. The mild steel elements located at connections absorb energy through significant inelastic deformations, in turn protecting the main structural members from damage.