Subject-Specific 3D Biomechanical and Computational Model of the Femoroacetabular Joint

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More than 17% of men and 4% of women suffer from hip and groin pain due to a bump at the femoral head causing impingement between the ball and hip socket for activities requiring large hip flexion and external rotation. This condition is named cam femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Symptoms are related to the degree of deformities and occur earlier in the presence of activities requiring high range of motion of the hip joint. Increasing evidence suggests that hip bone deformity contributes to the development of early adult hip osteoarthritis (OA). Although the causes of cam FAI remains unknown, the alteration of bone remodelling due to high mechanical stresses between the head-neck junction of the femoral head and the hip socket's rim could be one of the risk factors. With the ultimate goal is to understand the progression of cam FAI, the main goal of this research program will consist of developing subject-specific, 3D biomechanical and computational models of the hip to estimate individual muscle forces, hip contact loadings, as well as principal stress and strain components of the bone and cartilage in participants performing daily living activities. Both models will be applied to three groups of participants: symptomatic FAI subjects; asymptomatic FAI subjects; and age-, weight-, and height-matched controls, where no lower limb abnormalities are present during strenuous activities of daily living. The integration of subject-specific muscle anatomy, hip joint center, and tasks-specific motion analyses for the creation of a musculo-skeletal model makes this research a unique, original, ambitious contribution to the field of biomechanics. The assumption of the stiffening of the subchondral bone plays a mechanical role towards the process of cartilage delamination and then the development of OA. The estimation of peak mechanical stresses in a hip with cam FAI using subject specific parameters for the FEM would identify the effect of mechanical loading of the subchondral plate on the pathomechanism of the hip joint. The large dataset will allow testing the reliability and robustness of the models, which is usually lacking in literature.