Optimization of friction stir welding process for joining of aluminum to steel

搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）是一种固态焊接工艺，可以对几种难焊材料进行高质量焊接。由于使用的低能量输入，FSW产生了高强度的接头，减少了变形。由于能够处理大批量生产中固有的变化，FSW的优势还包括提高工艺稳健性和降低生产成本。FSW在制造轻量化结构方面得到了迅速的认可。对提高燃油经济性的需求不断增长，推动了运输车辆创新铝产品的开发。然而，汽车中使用的大多数结构都是钢结构，轻量化材料在钢结构中的应用引起了人们的极大兴趣。钢和铝合金的结合在制造中的使用越来越多，并且已经投入了许多努力将钢焊接到铝合金上。

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process, which can produce high quality welds of several materials difficult to weld. Due to the low energy input used, FSW creates high strength joints with reduced distortion. Being capable of handling variations inherent to high volume production, advantages of FSW also include improved process robustness and reduced production costs. FSW has rapidly gained acceptance for the manufacturing of lightweight structures. The rising demands for improved fuel economy have driven the efforts for the development of innovative aluminum products for transportation vehicles. However, the majority of the structures used in vehicle involve steel and the employment of lightweight materials in steel structures is of great interest. The use of the combination of steel and aluminum alloys has been increasing in fabrication and many efforts to weld steel to aluminum alloy have been invested.