Carbon Dioxide Recovery from Composting

从堆肥中回收二氧化碳

• 批准号: 507640-2017
• 负责人: Zeman, Frank
• 金额: $ 1.77万
• 依托单位: Royal Military College of Canada
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Engage Grants Program
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=639920
• 关键词: Carbon; Dioxide; Recovery; Composting

Composting is an established waste management option that diverts organic waste from city landfills, stabilizesit and recycles the residue for agriculture. Typically, composting is an outdoor process where the organicmaterial is stockpiled in windrows (long piles) that can be turned periodically to enhance biological activity.The biological activity is enhanced by ensuring adequate oxygen for the microbes, that is moving material frominside the pile to the surface. The biological activity converts a portion of the organic matter to carbon dioxideand water thus releasing heat. These gases, and heat, are vented to the atmosphere with normal compostingproducing carbon dioxide concentrations of about 6% by volume. Carbon dioxide is a valuable industrial gasand will soon be valued through the national carbon plan yet to be unveiled. The coming price on carbon therewill be added costs to consumers of industrial CO2, which is normally sourced from refineries or otherconcentrated, fossil fuel based, sources.We will be investigating a closed system that allows for capturing of the CO2 produced by the compostingprocess while potentially increasing the biological activity rate. The main focus of the project will be toincrease the CO2 concentration in the compost exhaust, capture the exhaust to facilitate the separation processand increase the oxygen availability to the bacteria. This will be accomplished by testing several redesigns ofthe composting process including increasing the air flow, blending exhaust air with fresh air (raising CO2levels), using produced oxygen (e.g. from air separation either pure or blended) and moving the compost on amoving grate system. The performance improvement of these methods will be converted into a cost per tonneof CO2 captured where possible.

堆肥是一种既定的废物管理选择，它将有机废物从城市垃圾填埋场转移出来，稳定土壤，并将残留物用于农业。通常，堆肥是一个户外过程，其中有机材料被堆放在长堆中，可以定期翻转以提高生物活性。生物活性通过确保微生物有足够的氧气来提高，即将材料从堆边移动到表面。生物活动将一部分有机物转化为二氧化碳和水，从而释放热量。这些气体和热量通过正常的堆肥排放到大气中，产生约6%体积的二氧化碳浓度。二氧化碳是一种有价值的工业气体，不久将通过尚未公布的国家碳计划进行评估。即将到来的碳价格将增加消费者的成本，工业二氧化碳，这通常是来自炼油厂或其他集中，化石燃料为基础的来源。我们将调查一个封闭的系统，允许捕获的CO2产生的堆肥过程中，同时可能增加生物活性率。该项目的主要重点将是提高堆肥废气中的CO2浓度，捕获废气以促进分离过程，并增加细菌的氧气可用性。这将通过测试堆肥过程的几个重新设计来实现，包括增加空气流量，将废气与新鲜空气混合（提高CO2水平），使用产生的氧气（例如，从空气分离纯或混合）以及在移动炉排系统上移动堆肥。在可能的情况下，这些方法的性能改进将转化为每吨CO2的捕获成本。