Mechanisms underlying the anti-Helicobacter pylori effects of Lactobacilli secretomes

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The bacterium Helicobacter pylori causes 65% of gastric ulcers and cancers worldwide. Antibiotic treatmentshave serious side effects and often fail because of bacterial resistance. Globally 30% of Canadians arecolonized and the aging of the population allows more gastric cancers to develop over decades. About 95% ofAboriginals are colonized and suffer from high rates of gastric ulcers and treatment failure. Lactobacilli arebacteria naturally present in the gut that are known as good bacteria with probiotic activity. Lactobacilliformulations developed by industry partner Lallemand Health Solutions improve anti- H. pylori treatments invivo and most of the 20 Lactobacilli tested in vitro in the Creuzenet lab released molecules with anti-H. pylorieffects. However, the mechanisms underlying those effects are not understood.We propose to examine how these molecules work, testing the hypothesis that they target specific sensorspresent in H. pylori. Understanding their mechanism of action will fill an important knowledge gap and willalso provide validation of active strains by bona fide scientific evidence, which is often lacking in the probioticfield. This will benefit our industrial partner who has a well-established tradition of backing all efficacy claimsby strong scientific data.Also, our work will help identify the best Lactobacilli to be used for specific purposes and facilitate theidentification of the beneficial anti-H. pylori molecules, which could be used in purified form to potentiate liveprobiotics in mixed formulations or to enhance the efficacy of current antibiotic treatments. These are directbenefits to the H. pylori-infected patients and the industrial partner who can explore a potentially significantmarket.Furthermore, understanding the molecular interactions that occur between H. pylori and Lactobacilli couldserve as a model system for other complex bacterial interactions. This could yield applications extending toother fields, such as nutrition, biotechnology or even bioremediation.