High Resolution 3D Hand Held Scanner

化石是稀有的、有价值的，而且往往非常脆弱。许多标本都是独一无二的，或者具有重要的科学意义，因为它们被指定为正模标本。全模标本是一个物种赖以生存的独特标本。这些标本是各种国家和国际自然历史博物馆或大学博物馆收藏的一部分，不能再借用进行详细研究。这是因为大多数研究机构都采取了新的政策，以保护其研究收藏品免受运输到其他机构造成的损害。建议的RTI将是非常宝贵的采购高分辨率的数字图像在3D的古生物标本所使用的我们的研究小组。研究标本广泛分布于北美、欧洲、南非，包括纽约的美国自然历史博物馆、哈佛大学的比较动物学博物馆、耶鲁大学的皮博迪博物馆、洛杉矶的洛杉矶县博物馆、加州大学伯克利分校的自然历史博物馆、伦敦的大英自然历史博物馆等著名机构。有些标本位于联合国教科文组织世界遗产地，无法移除。我们将能够使用拟议的3D扫描仪获取的数字图像将为我们的研究计划提供视觉，形态和形态测量数据，在地球生命史的三个不同章节中。视觉和形态测量数据将使我们能够第一次评估这些分类群在其社区中占据的形态空间。此外，我们建议使用3D高分辨率扫描仪收集大量的数据集，在化石记录中所代表的个体类群分布在整个集合的众多标本。古生代爬行动物Captorhinus aguti就是这样一个例子，它有数千个标本，包括数百个头骨和下颌，牙齿保存完好。这些头骨的含齿区域长度约为2.5厘米至15厘米。我们建议收集统计上显着的数据集，这些齿系的详细表面解剖，以研究磨损的牙齿的模式。Reisz实验室对大约50个标本的初步调查支持了这样一种假设，即这些动物更喜欢在右侧咀嚼，这一点可以从下颌右侧的牙齿磨损程度大于左侧得到证明。我们建议将这项研究扩大到数百个标本，以便出现一个明确的进食行为模式，这是古生代陆生脊椎动物中的第一个此类证据。

Fossil are rare, valuable, and often very fragile. Many specimens are unique, or are of great scientific importance because they are designated as holotypes. Holotypes are unique specimens on which a species is based on. These specimens are part of various national and international natural history museums, or university museum collections and no longer can be borrowed for detailed studies. This is because most of these research institutions have introduced new policies for protecting their research collections from damage caused by transport to other institutions. The proposed RTI is going to be invaluable in procuring high resolution digital images in 3D of paleontological specimens used by our research groups. Research specimens are distributed widely in North America, Europe, South Africa, including such prestigious institutions as the American Museum of Natural History in New York; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; Peabody Museum, Yale University; LA County Museum, Los Angeles; Museum of Natural History, UC Berkeley; British Museum of Natural History, London. Some specimens are in UNESCO World Heritage Sites and cannot be removed. The digital images that we will be able to acquire using the proposed 3D Scanner are going to provide visual, morphological, and morphometric data for our research programs, in three different chapters of life history on earth. The visual and morphometric data will allow us to evaluate for the first time the morphospace that these taxa occupied in their communities. In addition, we propose to use the 3D high resolution scanner to gather large sets of data on individual taxa that are represented in the fossil record by numerous specimens distributed throughout collections. Such an example is the Palaeozoic reptile Captorhinus aguti, represented by thousands of specimens, including hundreds of skulls and jaws with well preserved dentition. The dentigerous region of these skulls range in length from about 2.5cm-15cm. We propose to gather statistically significant data sets on the detailed surface anatomy of these dentitions in order to study patterns of wear of the teeth. The initial survey by the Reisz lab of about 50 specimens supports the hypothesis that these animals preferred to chew on the right side, as evidenced by the greater degree of tooth wear on the right side of the jaw than on the left side. We proposed to expand this study to hundreds of specimens so that a clear pattern of feeding behaviour will emerge, the first such evidence in a Palaeozoic terrestrial vertebrate.