Patterns of diversification in terrestrial vertebrate evolution

陆生脊椎动物进化的多样化模式

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-06212
• 负责人: Reisz, Robert
• 金额: $ 6.56万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=663192
• 关键词: Patterns; diversification; terrestrial; vertebrate; evolution

The fossil record of vertebrates, with preservation of complex*skeletons and teeth provides the best evidence of evolutionary dynamics across*large temporal scales for investigating the mechanisms and conditions that led*to the modern ecosystems. The origin and initial stages of*amniote evolution represent the start of a great*chapter in earth's history, the conquest of land by vertebrates. Within 6*million years of their first appearance*311 Million year ago (Ma), we see rapid evolutionary radiations that extend to*the present, and include extant squamates, turtles, crocodiles,*birds, mammals, and many extinct relatives, including dinosaurs.***Ongoing research in vertebrate paleontology including the anatomy,*taxic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships of early amniotes will continue*to be part of the present proposal because new discoveries can have major*impacts on our understanding of vertebrate evolution. Here I propose to combine*these ongoing investigations with studies of ecological diversity. I therefore*plan to evaluate evolutionary changes in both taxic and ecological diversity*through time as reflected by their reconstructed feeding behaviour. First, I*will integrate for the first time calibrated phylogenetic analyses across*clades for a better understanding of patterns of diversification and evolution*within communities. I will then examine morphological variation (disparity),*including dental and mandibular diversity in comparative, phylogenetic and*temporal contexts in order to track the ecological diversification of early*amniotes as they evolved to access formerly unoccupied ecospaces and novel food*resources. Morphometric analyses of variation in tooth and jaw shape, and size*in successive Paleozoic communities will be organized into 8 time bins that*extend from the Late Carboniferous (311 Ma) to the Middle Permian (272 Ma). In*order to understand the ecological diversity present in these Paleozoic*communities I plan to quantify variation in tooth and jaw morphology, and*deduce the dietary preferences in each taxon. Several other variables,*including cranial and postcranial data may be included in the total disparity*analyses. Since extant reptiles show morphological similarities to Paleozoic*terrestrial amniotes, squamates can be used as extant model systems. My*research group will develop for the first time ecomorphological models that can*be applied to early amniotes, and test the hypothetical importance of dietary*shifts in the ecological diversification of amniotes. The novel use of combined ecological*and taxic diversity patterns represents one of the transformative ways in which*we approach this paleobiological research program. These analyses will shed new light on the community structure and evolution of early amniotes during the*initial stages of terrestrial vertebrate evolution.***** * 0* 0* 1* 413* 2440* University of Toronto at Mississauga* 40* 25* 2828* 14.0* * * * *** * Normal* 0* * * * * false* false* false* * EN-US* JA* X-NONE* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * **** /* Style Definitions */*table.MsoNormalTable* {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";* mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;* mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;* mso-style-noshow:yes;* mso-style-priority:99;* mso-style-parent:"";* mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;* mso-para-margin:0cm;* mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;* mso-pagination:widow-orphan;* font-size:12.0pt;* font-family:Cambria;* mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;* mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;* mso-h

脊椎动物的化石记录保存了复杂的骨骼和牙齿，为研究导致现代生态系统的机制和条件提供了跨越大时间尺度的进化动力学的最佳证据。脊椎动物进化的起源和最初阶段代表了地球历史上一个伟大篇章的开始，脊椎动物征服土地。在3.11亿年前（Ma）首次出现的600万年内，我们看到了扩展到现在的快速进化辐射，包括现存的有鳞动物，海龟，鳄鱼，鸟类，哺乳动物和许多灭绝的亲戚，包括恐龙。正在进行的古脊椎动物研究，包括解剖学、分类多样性和早期古脊椎动物的系统发育关系，将继续成为本提案的一部分，因为新的发现会对我们理解脊椎动物进化产生重大影响。在这里，我建议将这些正在进行的调查与生态多样性的研究结合起来。因此，我 * 计划评估进化的变化，在两个taxic和生态多样性 * 通过时间反映了他们重建的进食行为。首先，我 * 将整合第一次校准系统发育分析跨 * 分支更好地了解模式的多样化和进化 * 内的社区。然后，我将研究形态变异（差异），* 包括比较、系统发育和 * 时间背景下的牙齿和下颌多样性，以追踪早期 * 羊水动物在进化以进入以前未被占用的生态空间和新的食物 * 资源时的生态多样性。牙齿和颌骨形状的变化的形态测量分析，并在连续的古生代社区的大小 * 将被组织成8个时间箱，* 从晚石炭世（311马）到中二叠世（272马）。为了了解这些古生代群落的生态多样性，我计划量化牙齿和颌骨形态的变化，并推断每个分类群的饮食偏好。其他几个变量，包括颅骨和颅后数据，可能会包括在总差异分析中。由于现存的爬行动物与古生代的陆生爬行动物在形态上有相似之处，因此有鳞动物可以作为现存的模式系统。我的研究小组将首次开发出可以应用于早期斑耳蝠的生态形态学模型，并测试饮食变化在斑耳蝠生态多样性中的假设重要性。结合生态和分类多样性模式的新用途代表了我们接近这一古生物学研究计划的变革性方式之一。这些分析将为陆地脊椎动物进化的初始阶段早期的群落结构和进化提供新的线索。* 0* 0* 1* 413* 2440* 多伦多大学密西索加分校 * 40* 25* 2828* 14.0* 正常 * 0* * 假 * 假 * EN-US* JA* X-NONE* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * ********************************** /* 样式定义 */*table.MsoNormalTable* {mso-style-name：“Table Normal”;* mso-tstyle-rowband-size：0;* mso-tstyle-colband-size：0;* mso-style-noshow：yes;* mso-style-priority：99;* mso-style-parent：“";* mso-padding-alt：0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;* mso-para-margin-bottom：0cm;* mso-para-margin-bottom：.0001pt;* mso-pagination：widow-orphan;* font-size：12.0pt;* font-family：Cambria;* mso-assign-font-family：Cambria;* mso-assign-theme-font：minor-latin;* mso-h