Programmable Camera Systems for Transport-Aware Imaging

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While the last decade has seen a major race to improve the resolution, optics and noise properties of cameras, the future will likely hinge on what else a camera can offer. In the past five years at the University of Toronto, we have been exploring a new class of computational cameras whose key property is that they are "transport-aware." Unlike conventional cameras which record all incident light, transport-aware cameras can be programmed to block some of that light, based on the actual 3D paths it followed through a scene. Our initial work on harnessing the power of these cameras has demonstrated never-seen-before capabilities with applications to rapid 3D shape acquisition; robust time-of-flight imaging; visual material analysis; scene understanding; robotic and/or automotive navigation; industrial inspection; and even monitoring a city's electrical grid.