Mercury: solving emerging environmental challenges of the hydroelectric sector

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Hydroelectricity is a cornerstone of the energy sector in many Canadian provinces, and particularly in Quebec. Increased bioaccumulation of the neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg) in fish in large hydro-electric reservoirs and to a lesser extent greenhouse gas emissions have been identified as environmental issues for decades in this sector. Unexpected challenges linked to mercury, however, have recently emerged related to (1) run-over-river plants as source of MeHg; (2) linkages between carbon and Hg cycling in the changing North and the role of hydroelectric dams in modifying these linkages; (3) the role of coastal rivers harnessed for hydroelectricity on the export of Hg to the ocean. We propose to tackle these issues using a multiscale, multidisciplinary approach, starting from a local case study of a run-over-river plant for which urgent solutions are needed, to the regional scale where the challenges linked to climate change can be better studied. We have assembled a team of 9 academics from 6 universities in 3 provinces (including 4 research chairs) recognized for their work in mercury and carbon biogeochemistry, genomics, microbiology, analytical chemistry, food web dynamics and climate modeling to partner up with a major hydroelectric company (Hydro-Quebec), an environment consultant (AECOM) and a consortium on climate adaptation (Ouranos). The knowledge gained by the hydroelectric sector through this grant will help develop strategies to decrease its Hg footprint and protect wildlife and human communities. This will increase competitiveness against other power utilities using other energy sources. It will also increase the exportability of hydroelectrical technologies and know-how on the global market.