Bioremediation of mine-affected water

受地雷影响的水的生物修复

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-03821
• 负责人: Baldwin, Susan
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=644534
• 关键词: Bioremediation; mine; affected; water

Rapid new advances in geochemical, genomic and informatic science and technology are transforming the way that engineers design, monitor, control and operate complex biologically-based processes for remediation of contaminated water, a cause for great concern in most parts of the world. Mining is an example of one economically important Canadian industry where its sustainability depends on meeting increasingly more stringent water quality guidelines. Water treatment technologies that leverage natural geochemical and biological processes versus conventional chemical methods are gaining support as more cost-effective and reliable approaches to remove chemical compounds from mine-influenced water (MIW) so as to protect aquatic ecosystems. Widespread acceptance and adoption of these naturally based water treatment approaches are hindered by lack of knowledge on the myriad of interrelated factors that influence their effectiveness.******We will focus on high-priority constituents of concern that require urgent attention due to their imminent impact on the environment. These include selenium, nitrogen compounds such as nitrate and ammonium and sulphate. Current methods to remove these require several steps, are energy intensive and produce large volumes of sludge. The new processes that we will develop leverage the metabolic potential of enriched microbial consortia from mine sites that have the capacity to simultaneously remove more than one compound at a time. This has the potential to greatly simplify MIW treatment reducing costs and increasing effectiveness. However, due to the complexity of microbe-microbe interactions and the effect of environmental variables on the dynamics of microbial population composition and metabolism, it is challenging to maintain reliable bioreactor performance and successful treatment. In our work, we propose to better understand these complexities and construct dynamic models that will be used to develop novel bioaugmentation and biostimulation strategies to make MIW treatment more reliable, cost-effective and less impactful on the environment. ******To achieve these goals we will use high-resolution characterization and monitoring enabling technologies. We propose to resolve mechanisms of contaminant removal to the chemical species level using chromatography and mineralogical methods. Sequencing of genetic biomarkers and whole DNA will be used to identify microorganisms and assemble their genomes so that microbial population structure and function can be tracked over time and under different conditions. Chemistry and genetic data from laboratory and field bioreactors will be combined using emerging machine-learning approaches for feature selection and modeling that will inform new process control philosophies that we will test to improve the effectiveness and reliability of MIW treatment.

地球化学、基因组和信息科学技术的快速新进步正在改变工程师设计、监测、控制和操作复杂的基于生物的水体修复过程的方式，这引起了世界大部分地区的高度关注。采矿业是加拿大重要经济产业的一个例子，其可持续性取决于满足日益严格的水质准则。与传统化学方法相比，利用自然地球化学和生物过程的水处理技术正在获得支持，作为从受矿井影响的水（MIW）中去除化学物质以保护水生生态系统的更具成本效益和可靠的方法。由于缺乏对影响其有效性的众多相互关联因素的了解，这些基于自然的水处理方法的广泛接受和采用受到阻碍。******我们将重点关注那些由于对环境迫在眉睫的影响而需要紧急关注的高优先级组成部分。这些包括硒、氮化合物，例如硝酸盐、铵和硫酸盐。目前去除这些污泥的方法需要几个步骤，是能源密集型的，并且会产生大量污泥。我们将开发的新工艺利用矿场丰富的微生物群落的代谢潜力，这些微生物群能够一次同时去除多种化合物。这有可能大大简化 MIW 处理，降低成本并提高有效性。然而，由于微生物-微生物相互作用的复杂性以及环境变量对微生物种群组成和代谢动态的影响，保持可靠的生物反应器性能和成功的治疗具有挑战性。在我们的工作中，我们建议更好地理解这些复杂性并构建动态模型，用于开发新颖的生物强化和生物刺激策略，以使 MIW 治疗更加可靠、更具成本效益且对环境的影响更小。 ******为了实现这些目标，我们将使用高分辨率表征和监控支持技术。我们建议使用色谱法和矿物学方法解决化学物质水平的污染物去除机制。遗传生物标志物和整个 DNA 的测序将用于识别微生物并组装其基因组，以便可以随着时间的推移和在不同条件下跟踪微生物种群的结构和功能。来自实验室和现场生物反应器的化学和遗传数据将利用新兴的机器学习方法进行特征选择和建模，这将为新的过程控制理念提供信息，我们将对其进行测试，以提高 MIW 处理的有效性和可靠性。