Carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions in forests, wetlands and agricultural fields

森林、湿地和农田的碳封存和温室气体排放

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04277
• 负责人: Black, Thomas
• 金额: $ 3.72万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=645572
• 关键词: Carbon; sequestration; greenhouse; gas; emissions

***The goal of my research is to better understand the processes and environmental controls that determine carbon (C) sequestration and greenhouse gas (GHG), namely CH4, CO2 and N2O, emissions in terrestrial ecosystems including forests, wetlands, and agricultural fields. This research aims to advance the development of technology and policy to better manage terrestrial ecosystems to increase C sequestration, minimize GHG emissions and the impacts of climate change, while maximizing productivity and water use efficiency. Net ecosystem production (NEP), evapotranspiration, and CH4 and N2O fluxes will be measured using the eddy-covariance (EC) technique. I will also use flux chamber measurements to quantify the temporal and spatial variability of, and effect of management on, soil GHG fluxes, and assess the reliability of scaling up chamber measurements to stand and field level. ***One of my aims will be to refine the partitioning of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 between ecosystem respiration (R) and gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP) by estimating light inhibition of leaf respiration during the daytime in a 29-yr-old West-Coast Douglas-fir stand. This will be accomplished by making EC measurements of 13CO2 and 12CO2, fluxes using a tunable diode laser - infrared gas analyzer system, with the isotopic flux ratios of NEE (δNEE) and R (δR) estimated from the ratios of the 13CO2 to 12CO2 fluxes during daytime and nighttime, respectively. In my research on mountain-pine-beetle impacted forest in the BC Interior, the focus will be to further improve the process-based forest growth model 3-PG that my PhD student Gesa Meyer has modified to include the effects of insect attack on a stand by treating understory and overstory growth separately, to include heterotrophic respiration (Rh) for determining NEP, and the extent of the increase in Rh due to increased coarse woody debris from dead trees. In an urban bog in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV), the focus will be to understand the dynamics in the dominant processes controlling EC-measured CH4 and CO2 fluxes with the progression of restoration by rewetting, and to compare distinct sites characterized by peat-moss depth, soil wetness, and vegetation variations within the bog using mounted chambers to continue measurements during flooding events. The objective of my research on agricultural land is to improve our understanding of the processes controlling GHG emissions in major agricultural cropping systems in the LFV. This will involve studying the production, consumption, and transport of GHGs in the soil in situ using continuously sampled soil air at several depths in order to apply the gradient technique. ***These research projects will help understand and quantify the C balance of, and the GHG fluxes from, terrestrial ecosystems, and their potential in climate change mitigation, and also provide an excellent training environment for highly qualified personnel.**

* 我的研究的目标是更好地了解过程和环境控制，确定碳（C）封存和温室气体（GHG），即甲烷，二氧化碳和N2 O，包括森林，湿地和农田在内的陆地生态系统的排放。该研究旨在推动技术和政策的发展，以更好地管理陆地生态系统，增加碳固存，最大限度地减少温室气体排放和气候变化的影响，同时最大限度地提高生产力和水资源利用效率。净生态系统生产力（NEP），蒸散量，以及CH 4和N2 O通量将使用涡度相关（EC）技术进行测量。我还将使用通量室测量，量化的时间和空间的变化，和管理的影响，土壤温室气体通量，并评估的可靠性，按比例扩大室测量站和字段的水平。* 我的目标之一将是通过估计29年生西海岸道格拉斯冷杉林白天叶片呼吸的光抑制来细化生态系统CO2净交换在生态系统呼吸（R）和总生态系统光合作用（GEP）之间的分配。这将通过对13 CO2和12 CO2的EC测量来实现，利用可调谐半导体激光-红外气体分析仪系统测量了13CO_2和12CO_2的通量，并根据13CO_2和12CO_2的比值分别估算了NEE（δNEE）和R（δR）的同位素通量比值。在我对BC内陆山松甲虫影响的森林的研究中，重点将是进一步改进基于过程的森林生长模型3-PG，我的博士生Gesa Meyer已经修改了该模型，以通过分别处理林下和林上生长来包括昆虫攻击对林分的影响，包括用于确定NEP的异养呼吸（Rh），以及由于死树的粗木质残体增加而导致Rh增加的程度。在下弗雷泽河谷（LFV）的城市沼泽地，重点将是了解的动态控制EC测量的CH 4和CO2通量与恢复的进展，通过再润湿的主导过程，并比较不同的网站，其特征在于泥炭藓深度，土壤湿度和植被变化的沼泽内使用安装的商会继续测量洪水事件。我对农业土地的研究的目的是提高我们对LFV主要农业种植系统中控制温室气体排放的过程的理解。这将涉及使用连续采样的土壤空气在几个深度，以应用梯度技术，研究温室气体的生产，消费和运输在土壤中原位。* 这些研究项目将有助于了解和量化陆地生态系统的碳平衡和温室气体通量，及其在减缓气候变化方面的潜力，并为高素质人员提供良好的培训环境。