Investigation of Wetland Biogeochemical Similitudes and Scaling for Robust Predictions of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Sequestration

1336911（Abdul-Aziz）。 本研究的目标是（i）调查和解开相似性（参数减少），时空尺度模式，和不同的环境制度的湿地温室气体（GHG）排放和碳封存;和（ii）制定时空强大的模型预测湿地温室气体排放和碳封存在不同的气候，水文，生物，生态和地球化学梯度。湿地温室气体排放和固碳的基本假设，遵循不同的生态地球化学相似性和强大的标度关系将进行量纲分析和经验建模，这已成功地应用于流体力学，水利工程，和流生态地球化学/生态测试。将首先通过推导分析性的、真正动态的敏感性系数和不确定性措施，并用实地数据对其进行量化，来确定比例关系的稳健性。还将通过比较根据不同季节和地点的数据估计的尺度参数（系数和指数）来评估尺度稳健性，这些数据代表水文气候、地球化学和生态过程的梯度。这项研究主要利用PI的主要湿地温室气体（CO2，CH 4和N2 O）和环境参数，模型开发和知识形成正在进行的合作项目由美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）资助的现场数据收集。它还利用了其他合作者通过美国东海岸基于室内的实地活动收集的湿地生态地球化学和温室气体通量数据。该研究的目标是产生一个基本的知识体系，并深入了解湿地生态地球化学出现（相似性）模式，确定不同的环境制度和相关的温室气体排放和碳封存的过渡阈值。湿地温室气体排放的建模一直是一项极具挑战性的工作。现有的模型大多是机械的和特定地点的性质，往往无法提供预测，是相对强大的时间和空间。为了应对这一挑战，湿地生态地球化学相似性和标度律将采用分析和经验方法成功地应用于地球科学和工程的其他分支进行调查。提高对相似性和缩放的理解，预计将导致强大的，简约的建模和预测的温室气体排放和碳固存从不同的湿地生态系统在不断变化的气候，海平面和土地利用。生态地球化学相似性和标度的研究有望为整体生态系统碳动态提供新的见解。这一想法可能适用于识别，理解和预测陆地和海洋生态系统的固碳和温室气体排放的稳健模式。这项研究将通过揭示基础科学信息和提供独立于规模的工程工具，帮助世界各地湿地生态系统的碳管理。研究成果将通过同行评审的出版物、介绍、讲习班、报告、公开会议、公开媒体（如，YouTube）;并通过利用PI目前的NOAA湿地科学家，工程师，经济学家，保护区管理人员，利益相关者和非政府组织的合作项目团队转移到沿海决策者。研究结果将通过设计FIU（一个大型少数民族机构，约有59%的西班牙裔/拉丁裔学生和13%的非洲裔美国学生）的基于归纳学习的研究生和本科生课程，并涉及高中教师和学生，被纳入教育。这项研究为FIU的一名博士生和一名来自少数民族学生的潜在本科暑期实习生提供了补充资金。

1336911 (Abdul-Aziz). The objectives of this research are to (i) investigate and unravel similitudes (parametric reductions), spatiotemporal scaling patterns, and different environmental regimes of wetland greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon sequestrations; and (ii) formulate spatiotemporally robust models for predicting wetland GHG emissions and carbon sequestration across different climatic, hydrologic, biological, ecological, and biogeochemical gradients. A fundamental hypothesis of wetland GHG emissions and carbon sequestration following distinct biogeochemical similitudes and robust scaling relationships will be tested by conducting dimensional analysis and empirical modeling, which has successfully been applied in fluid mechanics, hydraulic engineering, and stream biogeochemistry/ecology. Robustness of the scaling relationships will first be determined by deriving analytical, truly dynamic sensitivity coefficients and uncertainty measures and quantifying them with field data. Scaling robustness will also be evaluated by comparing scaling parameters (coefficients and exponents) estimated with data from different seasons and locations representing a gradient of hydro-climatic, biogeochemical, and ecological processes. This research primarily leverages the PI's field data collections for major wetland GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O) and environmental parameters, model developments, and knowledge formation underway in a collaborative project funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It also utilizes wetland biogeochemistry and GHG flux data collected by other collaborators through chamber-based field campaigns across the U.S. East Coast. The research targets to generate a fundamental body of knowledge and insights into the wetland biogeochemical emergence (similarity) patterns, identifying different environmental regimes and associated transition thresholds of GHG emissions and carbon sequestrations. Modeling of wetland GHG emissions has been an extremely challenging undertaking. Available models are mostly mechanistic and site-specific in nature, often failing to provide predictions that are relatively robust in time and space. To address this challenge, wetland biogeochemical similitudes and scaling laws will be investigated by employing analytical and empirical methods successfully applied in other branches of earth sciences and engineering. Improved understanding of similitudes and scaling is expected to lead to robust, parsimonious modeling and predictions of GHG emissions and carbon sequestration from diverse wetland ecosystems under a changing climate, sea level, and land use. The research on biogeochemical similitudes and scaling is anticipated to provide new insights into overall ecosystem carbon dynamics. The idea is potentially applicable to identify, understand, and predict robust patterns of carbon sequestration and GHG emissions from the terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The research should aid carbon management in wetland ecosystems around the world by unraveling fundamental scientific information and providing scale-independent engineering tools. Research outcomes will be broadly disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, presentations, workshops, reports, public meetings, open media (e.g., YouTube); and transferred to the coastal decision makers by leveraging the PI's current NOAA collaborative project-team of wetland scientists, engineers, economists, reserve managers, stakeholders, and NGOs. The research findings will be incorporated into education by designing inductive learning-based graduate and undergraduate courses at FIU (a large minority institution with around 59% Hispanic/Latino and 13% African-American students) and involving high school teachers and students. The research provides complementary funding for a current doctoral student at FIU and a potential undergraduate summer intern from the minority students.