Extreme quantum nonlinear optics with strongly coupled atoms and photons

近年来，光-物质相互作用和基本量子逻辑运算的演示令人印象深刻。这些耦合的光-物质系统形成了优秀的量子信息存储设备的基础，将发射器的自旋状态变量（“静止量子位”）映射到光场（“飞行量子位”）。我们提出将纳米光路与单原子集成（目标1）和操纵强耦合偶极极化激元（目标2），以实现量子网络和自下而上的量子模拟器。拟议计划的方法是利用单光子和原子之间的强相互作用，这些原子具有光子带隙材料和超冷里德伯原子之间的长程偶极耦合所设置的奇异拓扑结构，从而产生迄今为止在经典领域中不存在的能力。总的来说，我们的愿景是将不同的纳米光子结构与冷原子结合起来，并利用里德伯原子之间的强原子间相互作用。先进的纳米纤维能力为目标1的拟议活动提供了技术基础，而超冷里德堡原子的新捕获配置则为目标2的研究活动奠定了基础。其他线性电路的完整“量子”功能是通过原子物质量子比特实现的，信息编码为（a）单个原子的内部超精细自旋状态和（B）原子系综的集体状态。与光学光子一致，量子比特类型（a）将用作基本量子逻辑单元，而量子比特类型（B）将提供量子存储器。原子激发和光子激发之间的相互转换将通过单原子与光子晶体的强辐射耦合以及通过原子系综的集体增强发射来实现，通过传输单光子的量子态来实现静止量子位之间的量子布线。该提案的预期成果包括以下内容：*（1）实现功能性量子电路，其中单个中性原子通过集成光网络由光子连接在一起。(2)利用光子晶体波导的真空涨落定制的原子-原子（光子-光子）相互作用模拟量子磁性的新范例。(3)超冷里德堡晶格气体量子储层工程。* (4)用里德伯极化激元实现光量子门和功能量子存储器。这些实验将由本科生，研究生和博士后研究人员进行。该申请要求提供他们的工资、设备、差旅费以及与出版物相关的费用。加拿大将直接受益于培训这些人，并使量子信息科学的新技术和科学前沿成为可能。

In recent years, there have been impressive demonstrations of light-matter interactions and elementary quantum logic operations. These coupled light-matter systems form the basis for excellent quantum information storage devices, mapping spin state variable ("stationary qubit") of an emitter to and from optical fields ("flying qubit"). We propose to integrate nanoscopic optical circuits with single atoms (Objective 1) and to manipulate strongly coupled dipolar polaritons (Objective 2) for the realizations of quantum networks and bottom-up quantum simulators. The approach of the proposed program is to utilize the strong interactions between single photons and atoms with exotic topologies set by photonic bandgap materials and the long-range dipolar coupling between ultracold Rydberg atoms, leading to the capabilities that have not existed heretofore in the classical realm.***Overall, our vision is to integrate diverse nanophotonic structures with cold atoms and to utilize the strong inter-atomic interactions between Rydberg atoms. Advanced nanofabrication capability provides the technical foundation of the proposed activities for Objective 1, while new trapping configuration for ultracold Rydberg atoms form the basis for the research activities for Objective 2. The full "quantum" functionality for otherwise linear circuits is achieved by atomic matter qubits, with the information encoded into (a) internal hyperfine spin states of single atoms and (b) collective states of atomic ensembles. In concert with optical photons, qubit type (a) will serve as elementary quantum logic units, while qubit type (b) will provide quantum memory. The inter-conversion between atomic and photonic excitation will be accomplished by the strong radiative coupling of single atoms into photonic crystals and by the collective enhanced emission with atomic ensembles, with the quantum wiring between stationary qubits enabled by transporting quantum states of single photons.***The anticipated outcomes of the proposal include the following:***(1) The realization of functional quantum circuits with single neutral atoms wired together by photons over integrated optical networks.***(2) A new paradigm for emulating quantum magnetism with atom-atom (photon-photon) interactions tailored by vacuum fluctuations of photonic crystal waveguides.***(3) Quantum-reservoir engineering with ultracold Rydberg lattice gases.***(4) The implementation of optical quantum gates and functional quantum memories with Rydberg polaritons.***These experiments will be carried out by undergraduate, graduate, and post-doctoral researchers. This application requests funding for their salary, equipment, travel, and costs associated with publications. Canada will directly benefit by training these individuals and by enabling new technological and scientific frontiers of quantum information science.**