Lake-atmosphere interactions at northern high latitudes: Remote sensing and process studies

北部高纬度地区湖泊与大气的相互作用：遥感和过程研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-05049
• 负责人: Duguay, Claude
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=649727
• 关键词: Lake; atmosphere; interactions; northern; latitudes

The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has recognized “Lakes” as one of its Essential Climate Variables (ECVs). Amongst the lake variables identified as sensitive indicators of climate change are lake surface temperature, lake area, lake water level, and more recently added are ice freeze-up and break-up dates. This decade has seen and will continue to see the launch of an unprecedented number of Earth Observation satellites from space agencies that will offer an extraordinary opportunity to observe changes and variability in these lake properties over high-latitude northern regions. This also happens at a time when unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which can fill a critical measurement gap between field measurements and satellite imagery, are increasingly becoming available for rapid deployment in order to capture more local changes in lake properties occurring at even shorter time scales.******Using data from these emerging remote sensing technologies, the proposed research will: (1) develop satellite-based retrieval algorithms and products of lake properties, focusing on ice cover extent/phenology, thickness and snow depth on ice; and (2) conduct process studies aimed at advancing our understanding of the response of a large, deep, lake (Great Slave Lake) and shallow lakes/ponds of the Hudson Bay Lowlands to atmospheric forcing on sub-daily to seasonal time scales during the ice and open water seasons. Particular attention will be paid to the response of lakes during transition periods (ice to open water and open water to ice; floating ice to grounded ice on shallow lakes), extended wet and dry periods, and more extreme/rapid events (e.g. following intense rainfall lasting a few hours, snowmelt lasting a few days, wind storms).******The research program will produce for the first time: (1) global/regional satellite-derived ice extent and phenology products at both high temporal (1-2 days) and spatial resolutions (300 m – large lakes; 30 m small Arctic lakes) required for climate assessments, winter shipping operations and numerical weather forecasting; and (2) ice thickness and snow-on ice products needed for climate assessments and improvement of lake models. It will also generate new knowledge on the regional response of shallow lakes and Great Slave Lake to atmospheric forcing at spatial and temporal resolutions now observable with new satellite missions and UAVs. Observations from a UAV, in particular, will help document and clarify the response of ice and open water surfaces to extreme weather events that are becoming more frequent with climate warming.

世界气象组织（WMO）的全球气候观测系统（GCOS）将“湖泊”视为其基本气候变量（ECV）之一。在被确定为气候变化敏感指标的湖泊变量中，有湖面温度、湖泊面积、湖泊水位，最近又增加了冰的冻结和破裂日期。本十年已经看到并将继续看到空间机构发射数量空前的地球观测卫星，这将为观测高纬度北方地区这些湖泊特性的变化和可变性提供一个难得的机会。这也发生在无人驾驶飞行器（UAV）可以填补实地测量和卫星图像之间的关键测量空白的时候，它越来越多地可用于快速部署，以便在更短的时间尺度上捕捉湖泊属性的更多局部变化。利用这些新兴遥感技术的数据，拟议的研究将：（1）开发基于卫星的湖泊属性检索算法和产品，重点是冰层覆盖范围/物候、厚度和冰层积雪深度;和（2）进行过程研究，旨在促进我们对一个大的，深的，大奴湖和哈德逊湾低地的浅湖/池塘在冰季和开放水域季节的亚日常到季节时间尺度上的大气强迫。将特别注意湖泊在过渡期（冰到开放水域和开放水域到冰;浅水湖上的浮冰到地面冰）、长时间的潮湿和干燥期以及更极端/快速的事件（例如持续几小时的强降雨、持续几天的融雪、风暴）中的反应。该研究计划将首次产生：（1）全球/区域卫星冰面积和物候产品，（1-2天）和空间分辨率（300米-大型湖泊; 30米北极小型湖泊），用于气候评估、冬季航运作业和数值天气预报;（2）气候评估和改进湖泊模式所需的冰厚和冰上雪产品。它还将产生关于浅水湖和大奴湖对大气强迫的区域反应的新知识，这些反应具有空间和时间分辨率，现在可以通过新的卫星任务和无人驾驶飞行器观察到。特别是无人机的观测将有助于记录和澄清冰和开放水面对极端天气事件的反应，这些事件随着气候变暖而变得越来越频繁。