Seismic Design and Retrofit of Reinforced Masonry Buildings

对于地震区的建筑物来说，一个严重的生命安全危险是，如果它们没有经过设计和详细的设计，在地面运动激励下表现良好，就很有可能遭受严重破坏或倒塌。与最近(和下一代)基于性能的抗震设计准则强制执行延性和容量设计概念不同，许多现有建筑使用较旧的(和当前的)基于力的设计规范进行设计，缺乏适当的延性和能量耗散能力。*尽管加拿大的钢筋砖石(RM)建筑业规模可观，但与其对应的钢筋混凝土(RC)建筑相比，研究RM建筑的抗震性能的研究有限。加拿大在其西部和东部地区都有地震活动区。配筋砌体剪力墙通常用于中高层砖混结构建筑中，作为抗侧力体系的一部分，以提供抵抗地震或风引起的横向荷载所需的横向强度、刚度和能量耗散能力。由于其组成材料(砌体、砂浆、钢筋和灌浆)的非线性反应之间的相互作用，RM剪力墙在塑性铰区的性能比RC墙复杂得多。当考虑两种类型的RM结构：部分灌浆和完全灌浆时，模拟反应的复杂性被进一步强调。*无论是新的加固砖石建筑还是现有的建筑，都迫切需要开发新的和创造性的工程解决方案，以保护社会免受潜在的结构地震破坏。这一目标将通过沿着两个平行但又相互关联的轴线实施拟议的研究计划来实现：(1)为新的RM剪力墙建筑开发高效的延性地震力抵抗系统，(2)开发有效的改造方法来提高现有RM剪力墙建筑的延性。上述两个目标的具体研究重点将是：(1)调查有限或中等延性的RM墙的抗震性能；(1)调查延性RM墙的地震性能；(1)开发预测新RM建筑地震反应的分析工具；(2)开发剪切临界RM墙的抗震加固方法；和(2b)开发预测改装后的RM建筑的地震反应的分析工具。*除了加拿大增强的地震危险安全外，拟议的研究计划还将产生新的实验和分析基础知识、实践进步、规范设计规定和规范性详细要求，并有助于培训高素质的人员，这将对数十亿美元的砖石设计和建筑行业的最终用户和利益相关者产生重大影响。**

A serious life-safety hazard for buildings located in seismic areas is the high potential of suffering severe damage or collapse if they are not designed and detailed to perform well when subjected to ground motion excitations. Unlike recent (and next generation) performance-based seismic design guidelines that enforce the ductility and capacity design concepts, many existing buildings were designed using older (and current) force-based design codes and lack appropriate ductility and energy dissipation capacities. ***    Despite the considerable size of reinforced masonry (RM) construction industry in Canada, there is limited research that investigates the seismic performance of RM buildings as compared to their counterpart, reinforced concrete (RC). Canada has seismic active zones in its West and East regions. Reinforced masonry shear walls are typically used in medium to high rise masonry buildings as part of the lateral force resisting system to provide the lateral strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity required to resist lateral loads arising from earthquakes or wind. The behaviour of RM shear walls in the plastic hinge zone is more complicated than RC walls due to the interaction between the nonlinear responses of their constituent materials (masonry, mortar, reinforcement and grout). The complexity in simulating the response is further emphasized when considering the two types of RM construction: partially grouted and fully grouted.***    Whether it is a new reinforced masonry building or an existing one, there is vital need to develop novel and creative engineering solutions to safeguard the society against potential structural seismic failures. This objective will be achieved by conducting the proposed research program along two parallel, yet interrelated, axes: (1) To develop efficient ductile seismic force resisting systems for new RM shear wall buildings, and (2) To develop efficient retrofit methods for enhancing the ductility of existing RM shear wall buildings. The specific research focus within the above two goals will be to: (1a) Investigate the seismic behaviour of RM walls with limited or moderate ductility; (1b) Investigate the seismic behaviour of ductile RM walls; (1c) Develop analytical tools for predicting the seismic response of new RM buildings; (2a) Develop seismic retrofit methods for shear critical RM walls; and (2b) Develop analytical tools for predicting the seismic response of retrofitted RM buildings.***    Besides the enhanced seismic hazard safety in Canada, the proposed research program will generate new experimental and analytical fundamental knowledge, practical advancements, code design provisions and prescriptive detailing requirements, as well as contribute to training of highly qualified personnel, which will have significant impact for the end users and stakeholders of the multi-billion dollar masonry design and construction industries.**