Seismic Design and Retrofit of Reinforced Masonry Buildings

对于位于地震区的建筑物来说，一个严重的生命安全隐患是，如果它们的设计和细节在受到地面运动激励时表现不佳，就很有可能遭受严重的破坏或倒塌。与最近（和下一代）基于性能的抗震设计指南不同，许多现有建筑的设计使用旧的（和当前的）基于力的设计规范，缺乏适当的延性和耗能能力。***尽管加拿大的钢筋砌体（RM）建筑行业规模相当大，但与钢筋混凝土（RC）建筑相比，研究钢筋砌体建筑抗震性能的研究有限。加拿大的西部和东部地区都有地震活跃带。加筋砌体剪力墙通常用于中高层砌体建筑中，作为抗侧力系统的一部分，以提供抵抗地震或风引起的侧荷载所需的侧强度、刚度和耗能能力。塑性铰区的RM剪力墙由于其组成材料（砌体、砂浆、配筋和灌浆）的非线性响应之间的相互作用，其行为比RC墙更为复杂。考虑到部分灌浆和全灌浆两种类型的RM结构时，模拟响应的复杂性进一步得到强调。***无论是新的加固砌体建筑还是现有的砌体建筑，都迫切需要开发新颖和创造性的工程解决方案，以保护社会免受潜在的结构地震破坏。这一目标将通过沿着两个平行但相互关联的轴线进行拟议的研究计划来实现：(1)为新的RM剪力墙建筑开发有效的延性抗震系统，(2)开发有效的改造方法来提高现有RM剪力墙建筑的延性。上述两个目标的具体研究重点将是：（1a）研究有限或中等延性的RM墙的抗震性能；（1b）研究塑性塑性墙体的抗震性能；（1c）开发分析工具，预测新的RM建筑物的地震反应；（2a）开发临界剪力墙抗震加固方法；（2b）开发用于预测改造后的RM建筑的地震反应的分析工具。***除了加强加拿大的地震危险安全外，拟议的研究计划将产生新的实验和分析基础知识，实践进步，规范设计条款和规范性详细要求，并有助于培训高素质人才，这将对最终用户和数十亿美元的砌体设计和建筑行业的利益相关者产生重大影响。**

A serious life-safety hazard for buildings located in seismic areas is the high potential of suffering severe damage or collapse if they are not designed and detailed to perform well when subjected to ground motion excitations. Unlike recent (and next generation) performance-based seismic design guidelines that enforce the ductility and capacity design concepts, many existing buildings were designed using older (and current) force-based design codes and lack appropriate ductility and energy dissipation capacities. ***    Despite the considerable size of reinforced masonry (RM) construction industry in Canada, there is limited research that investigates the seismic performance of RM buildings as compared to their counterpart, reinforced concrete (RC). Canada has seismic active zones in its West and East regions. Reinforced masonry shear walls are typically used in medium to high rise masonry buildings as part of the lateral force resisting system to provide the lateral strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity required to resist lateral loads arising from earthquakes or wind. The behaviour of RM shear walls in the plastic hinge zone is more complicated than RC walls due to the interaction between the nonlinear responses of their constituent materials (masonry, mortar, reinforcement and grout). The complexity in simulating the response is further emphasized when considering the two types of RM construction: partially grouted and fully grouted.***    Whether it is a new reinforced masonry building or an existing one, there is vital need to develop novel and creative engineering solutions to safeguard the society against potential structural seismic failures. This objective will be achieved by conducting the proposed research program along two parallel, yet interrelated, axes: (1) To develop efficient ductile seismic force resisting systems for new RM shear wall buildings, and (2) To develop efficient retrofit methods for enhancing the ductility of existing RM shear wall buildings. The specific research focus within the above two goals will be to: (1a) Investigate the seismic behaviour of RM walls with limited or moderate ductility; (1b) Investigate the seismic behaviour of ductile RM walls; (1c) Develop analytical tools for predicting the seismic response of new RM buildings; (2a) Develop seismic retrofit methods for shear critical RM walls; and (2b) Develop analytical tools for predicting the seismic response of retrofitted RM buildings.***    Besides the enhanced seismic hazard safety in Canada, the proposed research program will generate new experimental and analytical fundamental knowledge, practical advancements, code design provisions and prescriptive detailing requirements, as well as contribute to training of highly qualified personnel, which will have significant impact for the end users and stakeholders of the multi-billion dollar masonry design and construction industries.**