Experimental environmental hydraulics: entrainment and mixing in turbulent flows

湍流在自然和人为环境中都存在。拟建的环境水力学研究将研究大气和水圈中的湍流，这些湍流与环境污染物扩散、海洋混合、河流地貌、能源和气象等过程有关，也可应用于燃烧等工业过程。我的主要长期目标是通过创新实验和相关分析，并辅以数值模拟，提高对环境水力学中湍流夹带和湍流混合的理解。我的四个长期目标是：1)维持一个坚实的环境水力学实验项目（使用LIF， PIV， PTV， ADV，风速测量等技术），2)开发新的实验方法，工具和分析技术，3)将我的研究领域扩展到新的领域，4)继续培养各级学生。我的哲学包括进行严格的研究，1)是基础的，并为过程的物理提供有价值的见解，2)可以应用于改进工程过程和自然现象的预测。***为了实现这些长期目标，本申请提出了五个互补的研究组成部分：1)背景湍流对湍流射流流体动力学的影响，2)涉及两种或两种以上化学物质混合的流动中的分子效应，3)抑制两条浅水河流汇合处下游的混合，4)量化生物海洋湍流和混合，5)探索新兴主题。本研究将在4名博士生，5名硕士的研究团队中进行HQP的培训。学生和5名本科生暑期研究生。****上述研究的影响将是通过回答以前未解决的问题和在高质量的出版物中传播结果来促进我们对环境水力学中湍流的理解。所获得的知识将通过以下方式使加拿大受益：1)回答与工程和环境流动直接相关的有用问题（1-5），2)纳入（政府或其他）环境污染物扩散模型以提高其准确性（1-3），3)提高我们对海洋混合的理解，从而提高气候变化预测，4)推进我的长期目标。**

Turbulent flows are present in both natural and anthropogenic environments. The proposed research in environmental hydraulics will study turbulent flows found in the atmosphere and hydrosphere that are relevant to processes in environmental pollutant dispersion, ocean mixing, fluvial geomorphology, energy and meteorology, and can also be applied to industrial processes such as combustion. My main long term goal is to improve the understanding of turbulent entrainment and turbulent mixing in environmental hydraulics using innovative experiments and related analysis, and complemented by numerical modelling. My four long term objectives are: 1) maintaining a solid program of experimental environmental hydraulics (using techniques such as LIF, PIV, PTV, ADV, anemometry), 2) developing new experimental methods, tools and analysis techniques, 3) extending my research area into new areas, 4) continuing to train students at all levels. My philosophy involves performing rigorous research that i) is fundamental and provides valuable insight into the physics of the processes, and ii) can be applied to improve both engineering processes and predictions of natural phenomena.***To achieve these long-term goals, the present application proposes five complementary research components on: 1) the effect of background turbulence on the hydrodynamics of a turbulent jet, 2) molecular effects in flows involving the mixing of two or more chemical species, 3) the suppression of mixing downstream of the confluence of two shallow rivers, 4) quantifying biogenic oceanic turbulence and mixing, and 5) exploration of emerging topics. This research will provide the training of HQP in a research team of 4 Ph.D. students, 5 M.Eng. students and 5 undergraduate summer research students. ****The impact of the above studies will be to advance our understanding of turbulent flows in environmental hydraulics by answering previously unresolved questions and disseminating the results in high quality publications. The knowledge obtained will benefit Canada by i) answering useful question of immediate relevance to engineering and environmental flows (1-5), ii) being incorporated into (governmental or other) models of environmental pollutant dispersion to improve their accuracy (1-3), iii) improving our understanding of oceanic mixing that will improve climate change predictions, and iv) advancing my long term objectives.**