Wind-driven rain and its impact on building envelopes

风雨及其对建筑围护结构的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-06617
• 负责人: Ge, Hua
• 金额: $ 1.46万
• 依托单位: Concordia University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=651651
• 关键词: Wind; driven; rain; its; impact

The effectiveness of the building envelope to resist climatic loads determines the performance and durability of the building, its energy consumption, and the extent to which its net-zero/plus energy status can be achieved. Failures in building envelopes account for over 50% of building failures. Moisture intrusion by wind-driven rain and runoffs is the major source of moisture causing many building envelope failures, and often results in costly repairs, such as the case with Vancouver leaky condominium. The building envelope's capacity to manage moisture, especially wind-driven rain (WDR) and rain penetration, determines its long-term durability. **The goal of this research is to advance the understanding of WDR and runoff loads and their impact on building envelopes, to develop design tools, and to generate design guidelines for delivering energy efficient building envelopes with long-term durability. The proposed research will help consolidate a body of knowledge on the hygrothermal performance of building envelope systems subjected to WDR and rainwater runoff by i) investigating the WDR load and resulting runoffs on building envelopes in three different geographic regions in Canada, (ii) examining the role of overhangs on reducing the amount of WDR on building façades, and (iii) investigating the impact of wind-driven rain on the hygrothermal response of highly insulated wall assemblies. **The proposed research involves a balance between laboratory and field measurements, and modeling and simulations. The methodology will include: i) quantifying the effectiveness of overhangs on reducing WDR on building façades through field measurements and CFD modeling; ii) establishing rainwater runoff on building façades through laboratory and field measurements, and modeling; iii) developing a stochastic approach to model the hygrothermal responses of wall assemblies, and iv) developing a design tool for managing moisture damage risks in highly insulated wall assemblies by generalizing the results obtained in this study. **The proposed research program will advance the fundamental understanding of WDR and runoff as design loads and best practices by providing design tools and guidelines for delivering high performance building envelopes. Providing designers with guidelines and tools to better assess WDR loads and durability risks will enable them to make more informed choices among the numerous wall assemblies commonly accepted as best practices, resulting in improved consistency and reliability of building designs, especially with the higher energy efficiency demand. Ensuring long-term durability of energy efficient building envelopes will contribute to Canada's national objectives for the reduction of GHG emissions. This research will provide excellent opportunities to train HQPs.

建筑物围护结构抵抗气候荷载的有效性决定了建筑物的性能和耐久性、其能耗以及其净零/正能量状态的实现程度。建筑物围护结构的破坏占建筑物破坏的50%以上。由风驱动的雨水和径流造成的水分入侵是导致许多建筑围护结构失效的主要水分来源，并且通常导致昂贵的维修，例如温哥华漏水的公寓。建筑围护结构的水分管理能力，特别是风驱动的雨（WDR）和雨水渗透，决定了其长期的耐久性。 ** 本研究的目标是促进对WDR和径流负荷及其对建筑围护结构影响的理解，开发设计工具，并为提供具有长期耐久性的节能建筑围护结构提供设计指南。拟议的研究将有助于巩固一个知识体系的建筑围护结构系统的湿热性能受到WDR和雨水径流的i）调查的WDR负荷和由此产生的径流对建筑围护结构在三个不同的地理区域在加拿大，（ii）研究的作用悬挑减少量的WDR建筑立面，以及（iii）调查风驱动的降雨对高度隔热墙壁组件的湿热响应的影响。** 拟议的研究涉及实验室和现场测量以及建模和模拟之间的平衡。方法将包括：i）通过现场测量和CFD建模量化悬挑对减少建筑立面WDR的有效性; ii）通过实验室和现场测量和建模建立建筑立面上的雨水径流; iii）开发一种随机方法来模拟壁组件的湿热响应，以及iv）通过概括本研究中获得的结果，开发用于管理高度绝缘的墙壁组件中的湿气损害风险的设计工具。** 拟议的研究计划将通过提供高性能建筑围护结构的设计工具和指导方针，促进对WDR和径流作为设计荷载和最佳实践的基本理解。为设计师提供更好地评估WDR荷载和耐久性风险的指南和工具，将使他们能够在众多被公认为最佳实践的墙体组件中做出更明智的选择，从而提高建筑设计的一致性和可靠性，特别是在能源效率要求较高的情况下。确保节能建筑围护结构的长期耐用性将有助于加拿大实现减少温室气体排放的国家目标。这项研究将为培训HQP提供极好的机会。