Natural and Constructed Wetlands for Pollution Remediation

用于污染修复的天然和人工湿地

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-06511
• 负责人: Gobas, Frank
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=652025
• 关键词: Natural; Constructed; Wetlands; Pollution; Remediation

Canada's position as a global supplier of natural resources is challenged by the lack of sustainable and cost effective solutions to deal with the large scale water contamination associated with hydrocarbon extraction (fracking, oil sands), mining and industrial, agricultural and municipal waste water releases. The proposed research investigates the application of natural and constructed (also referred to as engineered or treatment) wetlands to treat large scale water contamination. The specific goal of this research is to investigate the ability of wetlands, either constructed or natural, to remove contaminants from waste waters in an efficient and environmentally safe manner under Canadian specific climate conditions and design specifications. The research includes the development and experimental testing of a quantitative, mathematical mass balance model of the environmental fate and toxicological effects of contaminants associated with bitumen and metal extraction in wetlands. The model will describe the effect of various wetlands design characteristics (e.g. size, water flow characteristics, vegetation cover) and environmental conditions (e.g. temperature) on the efficiency of chemical removal from inflowing waste waters. The model will also be able to assess contaminant concentrations in wetland flora and fauna over time and determine whether wetland treatment is environmentally safe by comparing concentrations to threshold values for toxicity. This model will build on our previous work on models of the fate of contaminants in aquatic systems. As part of this study, the performance of the model will be experimentally tested in small scale laboratory housed constructed wetlands at SFU's Alcan Aquatic Research Center. Opportunities for further field testing will be sought out through other means. The research also includes the development of methods for the measurement and estimation of the rates of chemical removal through (bio) transformation and partitioning in sediments, soils and vegetation of wetlands. Both transformation and partitioning are key processes in the environmental fate of contaminants in wetlands and remain difficult to predict. To do this, we plan to further develop and apply our thin-film sorbent dosing methods for simultaneous measurement of transformation rates and unbound chemical fractions. This method provides a suitable and promising method for making measurements of both transformation rates and partition coefficients in vegetation, sediment, soil and water that are useful in the wetland mass balance model. Finally, the results of the research will be applied to propose wetland treatment design scenarios that are feasible in Canada and effective and environmentally safe. The models will also be applied to explore the response of natural wetlands to long term contaminant inputs associated with resource extraction practices in Canada. The research aims to fill an apparent and recognized gap in this green technology in Canada by training and supporting a new generation of environmental consultants, engineers and scientists who can apply and further develop this technology in Canada and other countries. The proposed research takes advantage of our internationally recognized expertise in modeling the environmental fate and effects of chemical contaminants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems as well as our expertise in measuring and modeling the effect of biological transformation on chemical fate in sediments and chemical bioaccumulation in aquatic and terrestrial food-webs.

加拿大作为全球自然资源供应商的地位受到挑战，因为缺乏可持续和具有成本效益的解决方案来处理与碳氢化合物开采（水力压裂，油砂），采矿和工业，农业和城市废水排放相关的大规模水污染。拟议的研究调查自然和人工（也称为工程或处理）湿地处理大规模水污染的应用。这项研究的具体目标是调查湿地的能力，无论是人工或天然的，以有效的和环境安全的方式从废物沃茨中去除污染物在加拿大特定的气候条件和设计规范。该研究包括开发和实验测试的定量，数学质量平衡模型的环境命运和毒理学影响的污染物与沥青和金属提取在湿地。该模型将描述各种湿地设计特征（如大小、水流特征、植被覆盖）和环境条件（如温度）对流入的废水沃茨中化学物质去除效率的影响。该模型还将能够评估污染物在湿地植物群和动物群中的浓度，并通过将浓度与毒性阈值进行比较，确定湿地处理是否对环境安全。这个模型将建立在我们以前的工作模型的污染物在水生系统中的命运。作为本研究的一部分，该模型的性能将在SFU的Alcan水生研究中心的小规模实验室人工湿地中进行实验测试。将通过其他途径寻找进一步实地测试的机会。这项研究还包括制定方法，通过（生物）转化和湿地沉积物、土壤和植被中的分配来测量和估计化学品去除率。转化和分配是湿地污染物环境归宿的关键过程，仍然难以预测。为此，我们计划进一步开发和应用我们的薄膜吸附剂给药方法，以同时测量转化率和未结合的化学成分。该方法提供了一个合适的和有前途的方法，用于测量转化率和分配系数在植被，沉积物，土壤和水，是有用的湿地质量平衡模型。最后，研究结果将被应用于提出湿地处理设计方案，在加拿大是可行的，有效的和环境安全的。 该模型也将被应用于探索自然湿地的长期污染物输入与资源开采的做法在加拿大的反应。这项研究的目的是通过培训和支持新一代环境顾问、工程师和科学家，填补加拿大在这一绿色技术方面明显和公认的空白，他们可以在加拿大和其他国家应用和进一步发展这一技术。拟议的研究利用了我们在模拟水生和陆地生态系统中化学污染物的环境命运和影响方面的国际公认的专业知识，以及我们在测量和模拟生物转化对沉积物中化学命运和水生和陆地食物网中化学生物积累的影响方面的专业知识。