Waste and produced gas managment on offshore platforms

随着常规油气储量的减少，焦点转向了非常规来源，如偏远的近海和北极地区。在近海作业中，加工设备的空间有限，因此设备占地面积、化学品使用和产生的废物是可能加工类型的因素。除了2011年纽芬兰和拉巴多(NL)近海生产的约1550万立方米石油外，还回收了约45亿立方米天然气。90%的天然气是重新注入的，8-9%用于燃料，1-2%燃烧。它们缺乏空间，限制了天然气处理的脱水和压缩，但天然气质量影响了注气和公用基础设施。气体污染物，如水、二氧化碳和硫化氢，需要注入水合物控制化学品、管道专用合金，并减少气体注入或提高采油效率。陆上使用的天然气回收取决于各种天然气运输方案的可行性，这些方案又受天然气质量的制约，以满足运输标准。这项工作的重点是开发能够在满足平台基础设施/空间限制的情况下实现天然气质量的天然气处理系统。基本原则是绿色加工，其中使用的化学品是可持续来源的，能源需求和浪费被降至最低。这项研究在两个领域进行；使用双膜接触器进行气体处理，以及通过从废物(如飞灰和生物炭)中提取的吸附剂进行气体处理。这些系统的优势是非常高的表面积/体积/重量比和较低的操作复杂性，使其成为偏远地区使用的理想选择。这项研究将全面处理拟议系统的能源使用/产生的废物，从吸附剂/膜来源到最终的再利用或通过生命周期分析进行处置。通过拟议的研究计划，我们将推进海上天然气处理系统的设计，并开发适用于恶劣和偏远地区的系统*

As conventional oil and gas reserves diminish, focus has turned to unconventional sources such as remote offshore and the Arctic. In offshore operations, space for processing equipment is limited and therefore equipment footprint, chemical use, and wastes produced required are factors in the type of processing possible. Along with the approximately 15.5 million cubic meters of oil produced offshore Newfoundland and Labardor (NL) in 2011 approximately 4.5 billion cubic meters of gas was also recovered. 90% of this gas is re-injected, 8-9% used for fuel, and 1-2% flared. Them lack of space limits gas treating to dehydration and compression, however gas quality impacts the gas injection and utility infrastructure. Gas contaminants such as water, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide requires injection of hydrate control chemicals, specialized alloy for piping, and reduces gas injection or enhanced oil recovery effectiveness. Gas recovery for use on shore is determined by the feasibility of the various gas transport options which are in turn governed by gas quality to meet the standards for transport.The focus of this work is to develop gas processing systems capable of achieving gas quality while meeting the infrastructure/space limitations on the platforms. The underlying principle is green processing, where chemicals used are sustainably sourced, energy requirements and waste are minimized. The research is in two areas; gas treatment using a dual membrane contactor, and gas treatment via adsorbents derived from waste materials (e.g. fly ash and biochar). The advantage of these systems is very high surface area to volume/weight ratio and low operational complexity making them ideal for use in remote locations. The research will be comprehensive in addressing energy used/wastes generated of the proposed systems, from adsorbent/membrane sourcing to final re-use or disposal through life cycle analysis. Through the proposed research program, we will advance the design of offshore gas processing systems and develop systems suitable for use in harsh and remote locations**********