Waste and produced gas managment on offshore platforms

随着常规油气储量的减少，人们的注意力转向了偏远近海和北极等非常规资源。在海上作业中，处理设备的空间有限，因此所需的设备占地面积、化学品使用和产生的废物是可能的处理类型的因素。沿着2011年纽芬兰和拉巴尔多（NL）近海生产的约1550万立方米石油，还回收了约45亿立方米天然气。这些气体的90%被重新注入，8-9%用于燃料，1-2%用于燃烧。空间的缺乏限制了天然气处理的脱水和压缩，然而天然气质量影响了天然气注入和公用事业基础设施。诸如水、二氧化碳和硫化氢的气体污染物需要注入水合物控制化学品、用于管道的专用合金，并且减少气体注入或提高采油效率。在海岸上使用的天然气回收取决于各种天然气运输方案的可行性，而天然气运输方案又取决于满足运输标准的天然气质量。这项工作的重点是开发能够达到天然气质量的天然气处理系统，同时满足平台上的基础设施/空间限制。其基本原则是绿色加工，即所使用的化学品来源可持续，能源需求和废物最小化。该研究分为两个领域：使用双膜接触器进行气体处理，以及通过来自废料（例如飞灰和生物炭）的吸附剂进行气体处理。这些系统的优点是非常高的表面积体积/重量比和低操作复杂性，使它们非常适合在偏远地区使用。研究将全面解决拟议系统所使用的能源/产生的废物，从吸附剂/膜采购到最终再利用或通过生命周期分析处置。通过拟议的研究计划，我们将推进海上天然气处理系统的设计，开发适合在恶劣和偏远地区使用的系统

As conventional oil and gas reserves diminish, focus has turned to unconventional sources such as remote offshore and the Arctic. In offshore operations, space for processing equipment is limited and therefore equipment footprint, chemical use, and wastes produced required are factors in the type of processing possible. Along with the approximately 15.5 million cubic meters of oil produced offshore Newfoundland and Labardor (NL) in 2011 approximately 4.5 billion cubic meters of gas was also recovered. 90% of this gas is re-injected, 8-9% used for fuel, and 1-2% flared. Them lack of space limits gas treating to dehydration and compression, however gas quality impacts the gas injection and utility infrastructure. Gas contaminants such as water, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide requires injection of hydrate control chemicals, specialized alloy for piping, and reduces gas injection or enhanced oil recovery effectiveness. Gas recovery for use on shore is determined by the feasibility of the various gas transport options which are in turn governed by gas quality to meet the standards for transport.The focus of this work is to develop gas processing systems capable of achieving gas quality while meeting the infrastructure/space limitations on the platforms. The underlying principle is green processing, where chemicals used are sustainably sourced, energy requirements and waste are minimized. The research is in two areas; gas treatment using a dual membrane contactor, and gas treatment via adsorbents derived from waste materials (e.g. fly ash and biochar). The advantage of these systems is very high surface area to volume/weight ratio and low operational complexity making them ideal for use in remote locations. The research will be comprehensive in addressing energy used/wastes generated of the proposed systems, from adsorbent/membrane sourcing to final re-use or disposal through life cycle analysis. Through the proposed research program, we will advance the design of offshore gas processing systems and develop systems suitable for use in harsh and remote locations