Waste and produced gas managment on offshore platforms

随着常规油气储量的减少，人们的注意力转向了非常规资源，如偏远的近海和北极。在海上作业中，处理设备的空间有限，因此设备占地面积、化学品使用和所需产生的废物是影响处理类型的因素。2011年，除了纽芬兰和拉布多（NL）近海开采了约1550万立方米的石油外，还开采了约45亿立方米的天然气。90%的气体被重新注入，8% -9%用作燃料，1% -2%燃烧。由于空间不足，天然气只能进行脱水和压缩处理，而天然气质量又会影响天然气注入和公用设施。气体污染物，如水、二氧化碳和硫化氢，需要注入水合物控制化学品，管道专用合金，减少气体注入或提高采收率。在岸上使用的天然气回收取决于各种天然气运输方案的可行性，而这些方案又取决于天然气质量是否符合运输标准。这项工作的重点是开发能够在满足平台基础设施/空间限制的情况下实现天然气质量的天然气处理系统。基本原则是绿色加工，其中使用的化学品是可持续来源，能源需求和废物最小化。这项研究涉及两个领域；使用双膜接触器进行气体处理，以及通过从废物（例如粉煤灰和生物炭）中提取的吸附剂进行气体处理。这些系统的优点是非常高的表面积/体积/重量比和低操作复杂性，使其非常适合在偏远地区使用。这项研究将全面处理拟议系统所使用的能源/产生的废物，从吸附剂/膜的来源到最后的再利用或通过生命周期分析进行处置。通过拟议的研究计划，我们将推进海上天然气处理系统的设计，并开发适合在恶劣和偏远地区使用的系统

As conventional oil and gas reserves diminish, focus has turned to unconventional sources such as remote offshore and the Arctic. In offshore operations, space for processing equipment is limited and therefore equipment footprint, chemical use, and wastes produced required are factors in the type of processing possible. Along with the approximately 15.5 million cubic meters of oil produced offshore Newfoundland and Labardor (NL) in 2011 approximately 4.5 billion cubic meters of gas was also recovered. 90% of this gas is re-injected, 8-9% used for fuel, and 1-2% flared. Them lack of space limits gas treating to dehydration and compression, however gas quality impacts the gas injection and utility infrastructure. Gas contaminants such as water, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide requires injection of hydrate control chemicals, specialized alloy for piping, and reduces gas injection or enhanced oil recovery effectiveness. Gas recovery for use on shore is determined by the feasibility of the various gas transport options which are in turn governed by gas quality to meet the standards for transport.The focus of this work is to develop gas processing systems capable of achieving gas quality while meeting the infrastructure/space limitations on the platforms. The underlying principle is green processing, where chemicals used are sustainably sourced, energy requirements and waste are minimized. The research is in two areas; gas treatment using a dual membrane contactor, and gas treatment via adsorbents derived from waste materials (e.g. fly ash and biochar). The advantage of these systems is very high surface area to volume/weight ratio and low operational complexity making them ideal for use in remote locations. The research will be comprehensive in addressing energy used/wastes generated of the proposed systems, from adsorbent/membrane sourcing to final re-use or disposal through life cycle analysis. Through the proposed research program, we will advance the design of offshore gas processing systems and develop systems suitable for use in harsh and remote locations