Graphene Devices and New Low Dimensional Materials

虽然石墨烯仍然是一种相对较新的材料，但它已经存在了10多年，2004年发现了剥离石墨烯，2009年发现了大规模CVD石墨烯。从那时起，在合成和表征其众多特殊性能方面取得了巨大进展。我们很幸运能够成为这一非凡旅程的一部分，并在CVD石墨烯上做出了几项重要贡献，特别是使用不同同位素确定声子色散，发现弱到强无序石墨烯中的强弱局域化之间的联系，发现分形石墨烯及其对量子霍尔效应的鲁棒性，以及确定局部生长速率，仅举几例。我们最近的许多研究也集中在开发新的应用上，因为石墨烯的许多基本性质现在已经很好地理解了。我们现在的主要目标是使用石墨烯作为新发现的工具和平台，以及基于石墨烯的应用。我们未来研究计划的主题是混合材料，石墨烯之外的新低维材料和石墨烯应用。我们将建立我们的研究计划，我们的专业知识，在合成，加工，表征，理论和建模多年来获得的新材料。我们很幸运能够处于这一地位，这将使我们能够在这些新的建议方向上取得迅速进展。特别是，（A）混合材料：我们提议探索的一些最迷人的方向与我们现在必须通过将例如石墨烯层与超导体层，绝缘体层或磁性层相结合来创造全新材料的机会有关。这可能会导致新的有趣的性质的爆炸，包括拓扑性质，很久以前由欧拉开创的。我们将通过诱导石墨烯中的强自旋轨道耦合，石墨烯/超导体结中的Majorana态以及通过超导邻近效应创建和使用纠缠对来研究拓扑绝缘体。(B)利用CVD合成新的低维材料，如MoS_2、WS_2和h-BN。最后，（C）基于石墨烯的应用，例如使用我们新开发的基于石墨烯的湿细胞在溶液中进行高分辨率动态成像，其中我们在5 nm空间分辨率和30 Hz时间分辨率下观察到纳米颗粒的布朗运动。我们建议进一步提高空间和时间分辨率，并将其应用于表征非球形粒子的布朗运动，如杆，集群和生物分子的存在下的边界和碰撞。此外，我们将开发基于石墨烯的光电器件以及基于石墨烯的传感器的新方法。这些新器件应用中的许多也将涉及混合结构。**

While graphene is a still a relatively new material, it has now been around for a little over 10 years, with the discovery of exfoliated graphene in 2004 and of large scale CVD graphene in 2009. Since then enormous progress has been made in terms of the synthesis and characterization of its numerous exceptional properties. We were fortunate to be part of this exceptional journey and made several important contributions on CVD graphene, in particular the determination of the phonon dispersion using different isotopes, the discovery of the connection between strong and weak localization in weak to strongly disordered graphene, the discovery of fractal graphene and its robustness to the quantum Hall effect, and the determination of the local growth rates, to name just a few. A lot of our more recent research has also focused on developing new applications, since many of graphene's fundamental properties are now well understood. The main goal for us now, is to use graphene as a tool and platform for new discoveries as well as for graphene based applications.******The main themes for our future research program are hybrid materials, new low dimensional materials beyond graphene, and graphene applications. We will build our research program on our expertise on new materials acquired over many years in synthesis, processing, characterization, and theory and modelling. We are fortunate to be in this position, which will enable us to make rapid progress in these new proposed directions. In particular, (A) Hybrid materials: some of the most fascinating directions we propose to explore are related to the opportunity we now have to create totally new materials by combining for example a layer of graphene with a layer of superconductor, insulator, or magnetic layer. This could lead to an explosion of new interesting properties, including topological ones, pioneered long ago by Euler. We will look at topological insulators by inducing a strong spin-orbit coupling in graphene, Majorana states in graphene/superconductor junctions as well as creating and using entangled pairs by the superconducting proximity effect. (B) New low dimensional materials, such as MoS2, WS2 and h-BN by using CVD synthesis. Finally, (C) graphene based applications, such as high resolution dynamic imaging in solution using our newly developed graphene based wet cells, where we observed Brownian motion of nanoparticles at 5nm spatial resolution and 30Hz time resolution. We propose to further increase the spatial and time resolution and apply it to characterize the Brownian motion of non-spherical particles, such as rods, clusters and biomolecules in the presence of boundaries and collisions. In addition, we will develop new approaches for optoelectronic devices based on graphene, as well as graphene based sensors. Many of these new device applications will involve hybrid structures too.**