Graphene Devices and New Low Dimensional Materials

虽然石墨烯仍然是一种相对较新的材料，但它已经存在了10年多一点，2004年发现了剥离型石墨烯，2009年发现了大规模的CVD石墨烯。自那时以来，在其众多特殊性质的合成和表征方面取得了巨大的进展。我们有幸成为这一特殊旅程的一部分，并在CVD石墨烯方面做出了几项重要贡献，特别是使用不同的同位素测定声子色散，发现弱到强无序石墨烯的强局域化之间的联系，发现分形石墨烯及其对量子霍尔效应的稳健性，以及测定局域增长率，仅举几例。我们最近的许多研究也集中在开发新的应用上，因为石墨烯的许多基本性质现在已经被很好地理解了。我们现在的主要目标是将石墨烯作为新发现以及基于石墨烯的应用的工具和平台。*我们未来研究计划的主要主题是杂化材料、石墨烯以外的新型低维材料以及石墨烯应用。我们的研究计划将建立在我们多年来在合成、加工、表征、理论和建模方面获得的新材料专业知识的基础上。我们很幸运地处于这一地位，这将使我们能够在这些新提出的方向上取得快速进展。特别是，(A)混合材料：我们建议探索的一些最令人着迷的方向与我们现在必须通过将例如石墨烯层与超导体、绝缘体或磁性层相结合来创造全新材料的机会有关。这可能会导致新的有趣性质的爆炸，包括很久以前由欧拉首创的拓扑性质。我们将通过在石墨烯中诱导强烈的自旋-轨道耦合，在石墨烯/超导结中诱导Majorana态，以及通过超导邻近效应创建和使用纠缠对来研究拓扑绝缘体。(B)新型低维材料，如MoS_2、WS_2和h-BN。最后，(C)基于石墨烯的应用，例如使用我们新开发的基于石墨烯的湿池在溶液中进行高分辨率动态成像，我们在5 nm空间分辨率和30赫兹时间分辨率下观察了纳米颗粒的布朗运动。我们建议进一步提高空间和时间分辨率，并将其应用于描述存在边界和碰撞的非球形粒子，如棒状、团簇和生物分子的布朗运动。此外，我们还将开发基于石墨烯的光电子器件以及基于石墨烯的传感器的新方法。其中许多新的设备应用也将涉及混合结构。**

While graphene is a still a relatively new material, it has now been around for a little over 10 years, with the discovery of exfoliated graphene in 2004 and of large scale CVD graphene in 2009. Since then enormous progress has been made in terms of the synthesis and characterization of its numerous exceptional properties. We were fortunate to be part of this exceptional journey and made several important contributions on CVD graphene, in particular the determination of the phonon dispersion using different isotopes, the discovery of the connection between strong and weak localization in weak to strongly disordered graphene, the discovery of fractal graphene and its robustness to the quantum Hall effect, and the determination of the local growth rates, to name just a few. A lot of our more recent research has also focused on developing new applications, since many of graphene's fundamental properties are now well understood. The main goal for us now, is to use graphene as a tool and platform for new discoveries as well as for graphene based applications.******The main themes for our future research program are hybrid materials, new low dimensional materials beyond graphene, and graphene applications. We will build our research program on our expertise on new materials acquired over many years in synthesis, processing, characterization, and theory and modelling. We are fortunate to be in this position, which will enable us to make rapid progress in these new proposed directions. In particular, (A) Hybrid materials: some of the most fascinating directions we propose to explore are related to the opportunity we now have to create totally new materials by combining for example a layer of graphene with a layer of superconductor, insulator, or magnetic layer. This could lead to an explosion of new interesting properties, including topological ones, pioneered long ago by Euler. We will look at topological insulators by inducing a strong spin-orbit coupling in graphene, Majorana states in graphene/superconductor junctions as well as creating and using entangled pairs by the superconducting proximity effect. (B) New low dimensional materials, such as MoS2, WS2 and h-BN by using CVD synthesis. Finally, (C) graphene based applications, such as high resolution dynamic imaging in solution using our newly developed graphene based wet cells, where we observed Brownian motion of nanoparticles at 5nm spatial resolution and 30Hz time resolution. We propose to further increase the spatial and time resolution and apply it to characterize the Brownian motion of non-spherical particles, such as rods, clusters and biomolecules in the presence of boundaries and collisions. In addition, we will develop new approaches for optoelectronic devices based on graphene, as well as graphene based sensors. Many of these new device applications will involve hybrid structures too.**