Incidental and Intentional Encoding of Associative Information in Human Memory

人类记忆中关联信息的偶然和有意编码

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06119
• 负责人: Hockley, William
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Wilfrid Laurier University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=653674
• 关键词: Incidental; Intentional; Encoding; Associative; Information

The proposed research concerns memory for item information (the representation of individual events) and associative information (the representation of relations between events). Forming new associations between items is a fundamental aspect of building and expanding knowledge structures. Associations between individual items, and between items and their context, also play a critical role in the retrieval of stored information. Therefore, the encoding and retrieval of new associations is an essential aspect of successful memory function.*** Two series of studies are proposed. The first describes examinations of associations between to-be-remembered items and their background picture contexts (e.g., Hockley, 2008). The intentional and incidental encoding of item-context associations will be examined indirectly in tests of item recognition in same versus different contexts, and directly in tests of associative recognition and associative reinstatement (pair recognition). In the second series of studies, associative memory between individual items will be assessed. These studies will include random word pairs, and word pairs with categorical (e.g., violin-guitar), and pre-experimental (e.g., sea-food) associations in order to evaluate the influences of experimental and pre-experimental familiarity and degree of unitization on associative memory, and will compare yes-no and forced-choice associative recognition performance.*** The proposed studies are guided by a general dual-process account in which it is assumed that recognition decisions can be based on the recollection of specific details of a prior experience, or on a more diffuse sense of familiarity in the absence of recollection (e.g., Joordens & Hockley, 2000; Vokey & Hockley, 2012). Dual process theory has largely been assessed for item recognition as associative recognition has been assumed to be principally based on recollection (e.g., Hockley & Cristi, 1999). More recently, however, it has been shown that associative recognition can also be based on familiarity when associations are unitized (e.g., Ahmad & Hockley, 2014). The short-term research goals of the proposed studies are to examine the roles of familiarity and recollection in associative recognition for both the incidental and intentional encoding of relational information. The proposed studies also have applied implications for memory and aging as older adults experience greater difficulty in encoding associative information and they also rely to a greater extent on familiarity (e.g., Ahmad, Fernandes, & Hockley, 2015). My long-term research goal is to develop a principled and unified dual-process account of recognition memory for both item and associative information.**

拟议的研究涉及项目信息（单个事件的表征）和关联信息（事件之间关系的表征）的记忆。在项目之间形成新的关联是建立和扩展知识结构的一个基本方面。单个项目之间的关联，以及项目与其上下文之间的关联，在检索存储的信息中也起着关键作用。因此，新联想的编码和提取是成功记忆功能的一个重要方面。 提出了两个系列的研究。第一个描述了要记住的项目和它们的背景图片上下文之间的关联的检查（例如，Hockley，2008）。项目上下文关联的有意和偶然编码将在相同与不同上下文的项目识别测试中间接检查，并直接在联想识别和联想恢复（配对识别）测试中检查。在第二系列研究中，将评估单个项目之间的联想记忆。这些研究将包括随机的词对，以及具有分类的词对（例如，小提琴-吉他），和预实验（例如，sea-food）联想，以评估实验和实验前熟悉度和单位化程度对联想记忆的影响，并将比较是非和强迫选择联想识别性能。所提出的研究是由一个一般的双过程帐户，其中假定识别决策可以基于回忆的具体细节的先前的经验，或在一个更分散的熟悉感，在没有回忆（例如，Joordens & Hockley，2000; Vokey & Hockley，2012）。双过程理论在很大程度上被评估用于项目识别，因为联想识别被假设为主要基于回忆（例如，Hockley & Cristi，1999）。然而，最近已经表明，当关联被单元化时，关联识别也可以基于熟悉度（例如，Ahmad & Hockley，2014）。本研究的短期研究目标是探讨熟悉性和回忆性在关联识别中的作用，包括关联信息的偶然编码和有意编码。拟议的研究还对记忆和衰老产生了应用影响，因为老年人在编码关联信息方面遇到了更大的困难，而且他们在更大程度上依赖于熟悉度（例如，Ahmad、Fernandes和Hockley，2015年）。我的长期研究目标是为项目和关联信息的再认记忆发展一个原则性的、统一的双加工解释。