Examinations of memory and decision-based processes in recognition memory

拟议的研究涉及的问题，记忆的发生个别事件（项目信息）和记忆的个别事件之间的关系（联想信息）。项目和关联信息是学习和记忆的基本组成部分。 识别性能是根据参与者正确识别旧项目或项目对的次数比例（命中率）和参与者错误识别新项目或项目对的次数比例（误报率）来衡量的。以前的研究表明，一些变量增加了命中率，而不影响误报率。其他变量增加命中率，也降低误报率。还有其他变量可以增加命中率和误报率。我的长期研究目标是开发一个全面的再认记忆，提供一个原则性的解释，决定这些不同的结果的因素。 识别决策可以基于对先前经历的特定细节的记忆（即，回忆），或者是基于强烈的熟悉感而缺乏回忆。承认也受到一个人愿意说老，或一个人的决策标准。拟议的研究的直接目标是：（a）区分条件，在这些条件下，识别决策在更大程度上是基于熟悉度，还是基于对先前经验的具体细节的回忆;（B）区分基于记忆和基于决策对识别性能的影响。这些目标将通过实验研究来实现，重点是项目和联想识别记忆的不同现象。作为一个例子，我计划通过在研究中以真实世界场景的照片为背景呈现要记住的单词来检查上下文对识别记忆的影响。这个过程将使我能够研究旧的背景如何支持识别决策，以及与旧背景相似的新背景如何基于背景传达的熟悉感产生似曾相识的体验。

The proposed research concerns questions related to memory for the occurrence of individual events (item information) and memory for relations between individual events (associative information). Item and associative information are the fundamental building blocks of learning and memory. Recognition performance is measured in terms of the proportion of times participants correctly identify an old item or pair of items (the hit rate) and the proportion of times participants incorrectly identify a new item or pair as old (the false alarm rate). Previous research has shown that some variables increase the hit rate without affecting the false alarm rate. Other variables increase the hit rate and also decrease the false alarm rate. Still other variables can increase both the hit and false alarm rates. My long-term research goal is to develop a comprehensive account of recognition memory that provides a principled explanation of the factors that determine these different outcomes. Recognition decisions can be based on memory for specific details of a prior experience (i.e., recollection), or be based on strong feelings of familiarity in the absence of recollection. Recognition is also influenced by one's willingness to say old, or one's decision criterion. The immediate goals of the proposed research are to (a) distinguish between conditions in which recognition decisions are based to a greater extent on familiarity, or based more on recollection of specific details of a prior experience; and (b) distinguish between memory-based and decision-based influences on recognition performance. These goals will be realized through experimental studies that focus on different phenomena of item and associative recognition memory. As one example, I plan to examine the effects of context on recognition memory by presenting to-be-remembered words against the background of photographs of real-world scenes at study. This procedure will allow me to investigate how old contexts support recognition decisions, and how new contexts that are similar to old contexts give rise to a déjà vu experience based on a sense of familiarity conveyed by the context.