Invasion biology in the bigger picture

入侵生物学的大局观

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-04086
• 负责人: Leung, Brian
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=657314
• 关键词: Invasion; biology; bigger; picture

The extent of species dispersal, mediated through human activity, is unprecedented and likely to increase as global traffic increases. Although most non-indigenous species (NIS) do not cause obvious problems, some species cause immense environmental and economic damages. Understanding which species are likely to cause problems, where they spread, what are their impacts and how to manage them is critical. Thus, my long-term objective is to understand and predict all stages of the species invasion process, across suites of species, at regional, national and international scales, using the best data available. I will examine biological invasions in the bigger picture, building on the substantial advances that have occurred over the last decade. We are at an exciting nexus, where numerous predictive models exist for each stage of the invasion process and simultaneously, databases and “big data” have become increasingly available. I will focus on three themes in this proposal - 1) Synthesis of predictive models (across invasion components), 2) Generalized invasion models (across species), 3) Invasions at the international scale. ******In Theme 1, my lab will synthesize a full risk model across all the stages of invasion, and develop an Invasive Species Risk Assessment (ISRA) tool kit, which will allow the predictive models scientists have developed over the last decades to be more accessible to resource managers and policy makers as well as academics. Such synthesis is critical, as ultimately, invasion risk is not solely dependent on any single stage, but must integrate across the invasion stages and consider the severity of impact. To build ISRA, we will test hypotheses on how invasion components interact and what they tell us about underlying processes. Once built, ISRA will allow diverse sources of data to be better utilized and more systematically applied. The generalized invasion models developed in Theme 2 will allow analyses of dozens to thousands of species simultaneously, and will identify and prioritize species and areas with high risks of invasion, directing monitoring and management efforts. To analyse NIS in the international context in Theme 3, we will forecast changes in global shipping (a primary vector of NIS) to 2050, and explore the consequent redistribution of species. We will also explore the effects of international cooperation and political borders on the spread of NIS. This research will allow countries to identify potential improvements in policy and capacity building, as well as any barriers to effectively implementing NIS policies (e.g., coordination problems between countries or insufficient realistic decision-support tools). *****

通过人类活动介导的物种扩散程度是前所未有的，并且可能随着全球交通的增加而扩大。尽管大多数非本土物种（NIS）不会造成明显的问题，但某些物种会造成巨大的环境和经济损失。了解哪些物种可能会造成问题、它们在哪里传播、它们的影响是什么以及如何管理它们至关重要。因此，我的长期目标是利用现有的最佳数据，在区域、国家和国际范围内了解和预测跨物种入侵过程的所有阶段。我将在过去十年取得的重大进展的基础上，从更大的角度审视生物入侵。我们正处于一个令人兴奋的关系中，入侵过程的每个阶段都存在大量的预测模型，同时数据库和“大数据”变得越来越可用。我将重点关注本提案中的三个主题 - 1）预测模型的综合（跨入侵组件），2）广义入侵模型（跨物种），3）国际范围内的入侵。 ******在主题 1 中，我的实验室将综合入侵所有阶段的完整风险模型，并开发入侵物种风险评估 (ISRA) 工具包，这将使科学家在过去几十年中开发的预测模型能够更容易地为资源管理者、政策制定者以及学者所使用。这种综合至关重要，因为归根结底，入侵风险不仅仅取决于任何单个阶段，而是必须整合各个入侵阶段并考虑影响的严重程度。为了构建 ISRA，我们将测试有关入侵组件如何交互以及它们告诉我们有关底层进程的信息的假设。一旦建成，ISRA 将能够更好地利用和更系统地应用不同来源的数据。主题 2 中开发的广义入侵模型将允许同时分析数十到数千个物种，并将识别和优先考虑入侵风险高的物种和区域，指导监测和管理工作。为了在主题 3 中分析国际背景下的 NIS，我们将预测到 2050 年全球航运（NIS 的主要载体）的变化，并探讨随之而来的物种重新分布。我们还将探讨国际合作和政治边界对 NIS 传播的影响。这项研究将使各国能够确定政策和能力建设方面的潜在改进，以及有效实施国家信息安全政策的任何障碍（例如，国家之间的协调问题或现实的决策支持工具不足）。 *****