Animal community structure and dynamics under cumulative impacts of roads

道路累积影响下的动物群落结构和动态

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05122
• 负责人: Mazerolle, Marc
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=659117
• 关键词: Animal; community; structure; dynamics; under

Environmental conditions can influence life history traits such as body condition, probability of survival, and reproductive output. For instance, energetic costs resulting from variable environmental conditions such as harsh winter conditions or low habitat quality may force individuals to defer migrations or reproduction to a subsequent year and devote resources to growth instead. The expansion of road networks and the effects of these infrastructures on animal and plant populations have received attention worldwide. Several investigators report high animal mortality rates on roads, but the relationship between these ad hoc mortality rates and actual demographic parameters remains unknown. In this research program, I will quantify the cumulative impacts of roads on breeding phenology, population and community structure, and trade-offs between the energy expended for growth or reproduction, through replicated mark-recapture studies and field experiments. ******My short-term objectives are 1) To quantify the impact of road construction on breeding phenology, survival, and reproductive success, 2) To assess the influence of roads on community dynamics and interspecific interactions, and 3) To quantify the impact of roads on the population structure of long-lived species. My research program will feature amphibians and freshwater turtles as model organisms. The work will be conducted in two study areas. The first study area will consist of a before-after control-impact design in southern Québec, where we will excavate ponds near highways recently constructed but not yet open to trafic, but also in areas projected for road construction. The second study area will take advantage of a network of 108 roadside ponds monitored since 2012 in two regions separated by 600 km along a north-west gradient in western Québec. ******We predict 1) a marked decrease in survival probability, breeding probability, and reproductive output at sites after road construction and opening to vehicular trafic (i.e., time x treatment interaction), 2) that amphibian communities are more dynamic (greater colonization probability) at northern latitudes relative to southern latitudes, and that the proximity and type of road exacerbates these changes (distance x road type interaction), 3) that turtle abundance, recruitment, and nest survival are lowest in ponds closest to highways (road type x distance to road interaction).***Beyond the effects of roads on life history strategies, this work will allow to distinguish between the effects of road construction (habitat loss) and trafic intensity (road mortality). My research program will inform spatially-explicit individual-based models to estimate population persistence in the context of road construction. My research program will provide valuable tools to manage wildlife populations near roads and inform new road construction projects in Canada and abroad. **

环境条件可以影响生活史特征，如身体状况、存活概率和生殖输出。例如，恶劣的冬季条件或低栖息地质量等可变环境条件造成的能源成本可能会迫使个体将迁徙或繁殖推迟到下一年，转而将资源用于生长。公路网的扩大以及这些基础设施对动植物种群的影响受到了全世界的关注。一些调查人员报告说，道路上的动物死亡率很高，但这些临时死亡率与实际人口统计参数之间的关系仍不清楚。在这个研究项目中，我将通过重复的标记-重新捕获研究和田间实验，量化道路对繁殖物候、种群和群落结构的累积影响，以及生长或繁殖所花费的能量之间的权衡。我的短期目标是1)量化道路建设对繁殖物候、生存和繁殖成功的影响，2)评估道路对群落动态和种间相互作用的影响，3)量化道路对长寿物种种群结构的影响。我的研究计划将以两栖动物和淡水海龟为模式生物。这项工作将在两个研究领域进行。第一个研究区将包括魁北克南部的事前-事后控制-影响设计，我们将在最近建成但尚未通车的高速公路附近挖掘池塘，但也将在预计将进行道路建设的区域进行挖掘。第二个研究区将利用自2012年以来监测到的108个路边池塘网络，这些池塘位于魁北克西部西北坡相距600公里的两个地区。*我们预测：1)在修路和通车后，两栖动物群落的存活概率、繁殖概率和繁殖产量将显著下降(即时间x处理交互作用)；2)两栖动物群落在北纬地区比南纬地区更具活力(更大的殖民概率)，道路的接近和类型加剧了这些变化(距离x道路类型交互作用)；3)在离公路最近的池塘(道路类型x道路相互作用距离)，海龟的丰度、繁殖和鸟巢存活率最低。*除了道路对生活史策略的影响外，这项工作将能够区分道路建设的影响(栖息地丧失)和交通强度(道路死亡率)。我的研究计划将为空间显式的基于个体的模型提供信息，以估计道路建设背景下的人口持久性。我的研究计划将为管理道路附近的野生动物种群提供宝贵的工具，并为加拿大和国外的新道路建设项目提供信息。**