Animal community structure and dynamics under cumulative impacts of roads

道路累积影响下的动物群落结构和动态

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05122
• 负责人: Mazerolle, Marc
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=682088
• 关键词: Animal; community; structure; dynamics; under

Environmental conditions can influence life history traits such as body condition, probability of survival, and reproductive output. For instance, energetic costs resulting from variable environmental conditions such as harsh winter conditions or low habitat quality may force individuals to defer migrations or reproduction to a subsequent year and devote resources to growth instead. The expansion of road networks and the effects of these infrastructures on animal and plant populations have received attention worldwide. Several investigators report high animal mortality rates on roads, but the relationship between these ad hoc mortality rates and actual demographic parameters remains unknown. In this research program, I will quantify the cumulative impacts of roads on breeding phenology, population and community structure, and trade-offs between the energy expended for growth or reproduction, through replicated mark-recapture studies and field experiments. ******My short-term objectives are 1) To quantify the impact of road construction on breeding phenology, survival, and reproductive success, 2) To assess the influence of roads on community dynamics and interspecific interactions, and 3) To quantify the impact of roads on the population structure of long-lived species. My research program will feature amphibians and freshwater turtles as model organisms. The work will be conducted in two study areas. The first study area will consist of a before-after control-impact design in southern Québec, where we will excavate ponds near highways recently constructed but not yet open to trafic, but also in areas projected for road construction. The second study area will take advantage of a network of 108 roadside ponds monitored since 2012 in two regions separated by 600 km along a north-west gradient in western Québec. ******We predict 1) a marked decrease in survival probability, breeding probability, and reproductive output at sites after road construction and opening to vehicular trafic (i.e., time x treatment interaction), 2) that amphibian communities are more dynamic (greater colonization probability) at northern latitudes relative to southern latitudes, and that the proximity and type of road exacerbates these changes (distance x road type interaction), 3) that turtle abundance, recruitment, and nest survival are lowest in ponds closest to highways (road type x distance to road interaction).***Beyond the effects of roads on life history strategies, this work will allow to distinguish between the effects of road construction (habitat loss) and trafic intensity (road mortality). My research program will inform spatially-explicit individual-based models to estimate population persistence in the context of road construction. My research program will provide valuable tools to manage wildlife populations near roads and inform new road construction projects in Canada and abroad. **

环境条件可以影响生活史特征，如身体状况，生存概率和生殖产量。例如，由恶劣的冬季条件或低栖息地质量等可变环境条件造成的能量成本可能迫使个体推迟迁移或繁殖到下一年，并将资源用于生长。公路网的扩大以及这些基础设施对动植物种群的影响已受到全世界的关注。一些调查人员报告了公路上的高动物死亡率，但这些特别死亡率与实际人口参数之间的关系仍然未知。在这项研究计划中，我将量化道路对繁殖物候，种群和群落结构的累积影响，以及通过重复标记重捕研究和田间实验，在生长或繁殖所消耗的能量之间进行权衡。** 我的短期目标是1）量化道路建设对繁殖物候，生存和繁殖成功的影响，2）评估道路对群落动态和种间相互作用的影响，3）量化道路对长寿物种种群结构的影响。我的研究计划将以两栖动物和淡水龟为模式生物。这项工作将在两个研究领域进行。第一个研究区域将包括魁北克省南部的前后控制影响设计，我们将在最近建造但尚未开放的高速公路附近挖掘池塘，但也将在计划用于道路建设的区域挖掘池塘。第二个研究区将利用自2012年以来在魁北克西部沿着西北梯度相隔600公里的两个地区监测的108个路边池塘网络。****** 我们预测：1）道路建设和车辆开放后，生存概率、繁殖概率和繁殖产量显著下降（即，时间×处理相互作用），2）相对于南半球纬度，北方纬度的两栖动物群落更具动态性（更大的定居概率），并且道路的接近程度和类型加剧了这些变化（距离×道路类型相互作用），3）最靠近公路的池塘中海龟丰度、补充和巢存活率最低（道路类型×与道路的距离相互作用）。除了道路对生活史策略的影响，这项工作将允许区分道路建设（栖息地丧失）和交通强度（道路死亡率）的影响。我的研究计划将告知空间明确的基于个人的模型，以估计道路建设背景下的人口持续性。我的研究计划将提供有价值的工具，以管理道路附近的野生动物种群，并为加拿大和国外的新道路建设项目提供信息。**