Development of high functionality composites and nanocomposites for tissue engineering and energy conversion systems

开发用于组织工程和能量转换系统的高功能复合材料和纳米复合材料

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04084
• 负责人: Mighri, Frej
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=659764
• 关键词: Development; functionality; composites; nanocomposites; tissue

During the last decade, functional nanocomposites are set to play a crucial role in various areas including sustainable energy technologies such as, hydrogen fuel cells, solar cells, tissue engineering, etc. They can offer performances that are not reachable by their corresponding bulk materials. The emphases are presently placed on the control of their composition, morphology, nanostructure and functionality with respect to their specific applications. The aim of the proposed research program is to develop controlled morphology/functionality nanocomposites and biocompatible composites particularly designed for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) photoanodes, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) electrodes and bipolar plates (BPPs), and biocompatible scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration. ***Presently, cartilage porous scaffolds, once developed, need a further solvent treatment to add biocompatible materials inside the pores in order to promote cell proliferation, leading to unwanted residual solvents. We propose in this first*theme a solvent-free technique to develop open cell scaffolds where chitosan, a biocompatible/biodegradable*natural polymer, is modified and directly projected on the surface of the pores during scaffolds' foaming, leading to strong adhesion thanks to chitosan modification.****The conventional manufacturing process of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer in DSSC photoanode requires a high temperature sintering, leading to a brittle structure. Then the development of flexible structures, object of the second theme in this proposal, is a challenge. Based on our expertise in the synthesis of nanostructured TiO2, we will use room temperature electrospinning technique to develop flexible fibrous nanostructures from a polymeric matrix containing TiO2-CdS nanoparticles of controlled size and shape. The main objective is to increase photoanode flexibility and cell efficiency by providing large photoanode surface area and increased electron transfer with the photosensitizing dye.****As third research theme in this proposal, we will use a recently designed experimental setup compatible with our ARES rheometer in order to investigate the 'online' evolution of the electrical conductivity behavior in co-continuous morphology nanocomposites with respect to their crystallization kinetics. This will help us to optimize the cooling profile of the nanocomposites in order to attain higher electrical conductivity. We will also undergo an original study in which we will investigate the effect of dynamic shearing on the electrical conductivity of melted polymer/polymer systems. We aim from this study to decrease the threshold concentration of the conductive additives and consequently increase nanomaterials' processability and electrical conductivity, particularly needed for polymer-based PEMFC electrodes and BPPs. *****

在过去的十年中，功能性纳米复合材料将在氢燃料电池、太阳能电池、组织工程等可持续能源技术等各个领域发挥至关重要的作用。它们可以提供相应本体材料无法达到的性能。目前的重点是控制它们的组成、形态、纳米结构和与其具体应用有关的功能。拟议研究计划的目的是开发受控形态/功能纳米复合材料和生物相容性复合材料，专门设计用于染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）光阳极、质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）电极和双极板（BPP），以及用于软骨组织再生的生物相容性支架。 ***目前，软骨多孔支架一旦开发出来，需要进一步的溶剂处理，在孔内添加生物相容性材料，以促进细胞增殖，从而导致不需要的残留溶剂。在第一个*主题中，我们提出了一种无溶剂技术来开发开孔支架，其中壳聚糖（一种生物相容性/可生物降解*天然聚合物）经过改性并在支架发泡过程中直接投射到孔表面，由于壳聚糖改性而产生强粘附力。****DSSC光阳极中二氧化钛（TiO2）层的传统制造工艺 需要高温烧结，导致结构脆化。那么，灵活结构的发展（本提案第二个主题的目标）是一个挑战。基于我们在纳米结构 TiO2 合成方面的专业知识，我们将使用室温静电纺丝技术，从含有可控尺寸和形状的 TiO2-CdS 纳米粒子的聚合物基质中开发柔性纤维纳米结构。主要目标是通过提供大的光电阳极表面积和增加光敏染料的电子转移来提高光电阳极的灵活性和电池效率。****作为本提案的第三个研究主题，我们将使用最近设计的与我们的 ARES 流变仪兼容的实验装置，以研究共连续形态纳米复合材料中导电行为相对于结晶动力学的“在线”演化。这将帮助我们优化纳米复合材料的冷却曲线，以获得更高的导电率。我们还将进行一项原创研究，研究动态剪切对熔融聚合物/聚合物系统电导率的影响。我们的研究目标是降低导电添加剂的阈值浓度，从而提高纳米材料的可加工性和导电性，特别是基于聚合物的 PEMFC 电极和 BPP。 *****